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4-Bit
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- Snippet from Wikipedia: 4-bit computing
4-bit computing is the use of computer architectures in which integers and other data units are 4 bits wide. 4-bit central processing unit (CPU) and arithmetic logic unit (ALU) architectures are those that are based on registers or data buses of that size. A group of four bits is also called a nibble and has 24 = 16 possible values.
4-bit processors were widely used in electronic calculators and other roles where decimal math was used, like electronic cash registers, microwave oven timers, and so forth. This is because a 4-bit value holds a single binary coded decimal (BCD) digit, making it a natural size for directly processing decimal values. As a 4-bit value is generally too small to hold a memory address for real-world programs or data, the address bus of these systems was generally larger. For instance, the canonical 4-bit microprocessor, the Intel 4004, had a 12-bit address format.
4-bit designs were used only for a short period when integrated circuits were still expensive, and were found primarily in cost-sensitive roles. While 4-bit computing is mostly obsolete, 4-bit values are still used in the same decimal-centric roles they were developed for, and modern implementations are generally much wider and process multiple 4-bit values in parallel. An example of such a system is the HP Saturn design of the 1980s. By the 1990s, most such uses had been replaced by general purpose binary designs.
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Bits: Binary Digit = Bit, 1024-bit, 512-bit, 256-bit, 128-bit, 72-bit, 64-bit, 32-bit, 24-bit, 16-bit, 8-bit, 4-bit; Units of information: Metric bit units (kilobit, megabit, gigabit, terabit, petabit, exabit, zettabit, yottabit); IEC bit units (kibibit, mebibit, gibibit, tebibit, pebibit, exbibit, zebibit, yobibit). Byte, Word (computer architecture). (navbar_bits - see also navbar_bytes)
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