https://DevOpsCloud.io -- Cloud Monk Losang Jinpa, Ph.D., MCSE/MCT, GitOps DevOps Engineer

Linux Networking

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Cloud Monk is Retired ( for now). Buddha with you. © 2025 and Beginningless Time - Present Moment - Three Times: The Buddhas or Fair Use. Disclaimers

SYI LU SENG E MU CHYWE YE. NAN. WEI LA YE. WEI LA YE. SA WA HE.

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Linux:

Linux, kernel, systemd, init, GRUB (GRand Unified Bootloader), initramfs, ext4 (Fourth Extended Filesystem), XFS, Btrfs (B-Tree File System), zram, zswap, cgroups (Control Groups), namespaces, selinux (Security-Enhanced Linux), AppArmor, iptables, nftables, firewalld, auditd, journald, syslog, logrotate, dmesg, udev, eBPF (Extended Berkeley Packet Filter), KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine), QEMU (Quick Emulator), VirtIO, LXC (Linux Containers), Docker, Podman, CRI-O, Kubernetes Integration, etcd, Linux Control Groups, LXD (Linux Daemon), Snap, Flatpak, AppImage, RPM (Red Hat Package Manager), dpkg (Debian Package Manager), APT (Advanced Package Tool), YUM (Yellowdog Updater, Modified), DNF (Dandified YUM), Pacman, Zypper, Portage, emerge, Nix, pkg-config, ldconfig, make, cmake, autoconf, automake, configure, GCC (GNU Compiler Collection), Clang, glibc (GNU C Library), musl, libstdc++, libc, binutils, GNU Coreutils, Bash (Bourne Again Shell), Zsh (Z Shell), Fish Shell, dash, sh, SSH (Secure Shell), sshd (SSH Daemon), scp (Secure Copy), rsync, SCP (Secure Copy Protocol), wget, curl, ftp, sftp, TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol), NFS (Network File System), CIFS (Common Internet File System), Samba, autofs, mount, umount, lsblk, blkid, parted, fdisk, gdisk, mkfs, fsck, tune2fs, xfs_repair, btrfs-progs, mdadm (Multiple Device Admin), RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks), LVM (Logical Volume Manager), thin provisioning, lvcreate, lvremove, vgcreate, vgremove, pvcreate, pvremove, multipath-tools, ISCSI (Internet Small Computer Systems Interface), nvme-cli, dm-crypt, cryptsetup, LUKS (Linux Unified Key Setup), dracut, GRUB Customizer, PXE (Preboot Execution Environment), tftpboot, Syslinux, LiveCD, LiveUSB, mkbootdisk, dd, cpio, tar, gzip, bzip2, xz, 7zip, zstd, rsyslog, sysctl, lsmod, modprobe, depmod, modinfo, insmod, rmmod, kmod, dkms (Dynamic Kernel Module Support), kernel tuning, kernel headers, kernel modules, patch, diff, strace, ltrace, ptrace, perf, htop, top, iotop, atop, vmstat, mpstat, sar, dstat, iostat, uptime, free, df, du, ps, pidstat, nice, renice, kill, pkill, killall, jobs, bg, fg, wait, nohup, screen, tmux, cron, crontab, at, anacron, systemctl, service, chkconfig, rc-update, update-rc.d, ntpd (Network Time Protocol Daemon), chronyd, hwclock, timedatectl, ntpdate, ufw (Uncomplicated Firewall), iptables-save, iptables-restore, fail2ban, denyhosts, tcp_wrappers, libcap, setcap, getcap, auditctl, ausearch, kernel parameters, boot parameters, sysfs, procfs, debugfs, tmpfs, ramfs, overlayfs, aufs, bind mounts, chroot, pivot_root, overlay2, network namespaces, bridge-utils, iproute2, ip, ifconfig, route, netstat, ss, arp, ping, traceroute, mtr, tcpdump, ngrep, nmap, arp-scan, ethtool, iwconfig, iw, wpa_supplicant, hostapd, dnsmasq, networkmanager, nmcli, nmtui, system-config-network, dhclient, dhcpd, isc-dhcp-server, bind9, named, unbound, nslookup, dig, resolvconf, iptables, nftables, firewalld, conntrack, ipset, snort, suricata, tcp_wrappers, rkhunter, chkrootkit, clamav, lynis, openvpn, strongswan, libreswan, openconnect, network namespaces, virtual ethernet, veth, tap interfaces, tun interfaces, vlan, bridge, brctl, ovs-vsctl, openvswitch, macvlan, ipvlan, bonding, teamd, network teaming, multipath, multipath-tools, route tables, ip rule, ip route, policy routing, qos, tc (Traffic Control), htb, fq_codel, cake, iptables NAT, iptables MASQUERADE, squid, socks5, privoxy, tor, iptables DNAT, iptables SNAT, iptables REDIRECT, conntrack, stateful firewall, stateless firewall, tcp_window_scaling, tcp_timestamps, tcp_sack, tcp_rmem, tcp_wmem, tcp_no_metrics_save, tcp_ecn, netem, ip6tables, ipset, ebtables, arptables, bridge-nf, br_netfilter, openvswitch, gre tunnels, ipip tunnels, vxlan, gretap, macsec, macvlan, ipvlan, wireguard, strongswan, libreswan, xfrm, ipsec, isakmpd, racoon, openswan, ikev2, ikev1, vpn tunnels, gre tunnels, vxlan tunnels, fou tunnels, ipip tunnels.

Linux Core Utilities commands - GNU Core Utilities command-line interface programs

This list should really only include standard universal commands that come with GNU Core Utilities.

Linux File system commands

• chcon
• chmod
• chown
• chgrp
• cksum
• cp (Unix) | cp
• dd (Unix) | dd
• df (Unix) | df
• ls | dir
• dircolors (Unix) | dircolors
• install (Unix) | install
• ln (Unix) | ln
• ls
• mkdir
• mkfifo
• mknod
• mktemp
• mv (Unix) | mv
• realpath
• rm (Unix) | rm
• rmdir
• shred (Unix) | shred
• sync (Unix) | sync
• touch (command) | touch
• truncate
• ls | vdir

Linux Text utilities:

• b2sum
• base32
• base64
• cat (Unix) | cat
• cksum
• comm
• csplit
• cut (Unix) | cut
• expand (Unix) | expand
• fmt (Unix) | fmt
• fold (Unix) | fold
• head (Unix) | head
• join (Unix) | join
• md5sum
• nl (Unix) | nl
• numfmt
• od (Unix) | od
• paste (Unix) | paste
• ptx (Unix) | ptx
• pr (Unix) | pr
• sha1sum
• shuf
• sort (Unix) | sort
• split (Unix) | split
• sum (Unix) | sum
• tac
• tail (Unix) | tail
• tr (Unix) | tr
• tsort
• unexpand
• uniq
• wc (Unix) | wc

Linux Shell utilities:

• uname | arch
• basename
• chroot
• Command line | date
• dirname
• du (Unix) | du
• echo (command) | echo
• env
• expr
• factor (Unix) | factor
• true and false (commands) | false
• groups (Unix) | groups
• hostid (Unix) | hostid
• id (Unix) | id
• link (Unix) | link
• logname
• nice (Unix) | nice
• nohup
• nproc
• pathchk (Unix) | pathchk
• pinky (Unix) | pinky
• printenv
• printf
• pwd
• readlink
• runcon
• seq (Unix) | seq
• sleep (command) | sleep
• stat
• stdbuf
• stty (Unix) | stty
• tee (command) | tee
• test (Unix) | test
• Timeout (computing) | timeout
• true and false (commands) | true
• tty (Unix) | tty
• uname
• unlink (Unix) | unlink
• coreutils | uptime
• users (Unix) | users
• who (Unix) | who
• whoami
• yes (Unix) | yes

Unix Commands:

This should really only include standard universal commands that come with all Linux distributions adhering to the Single UNIX Specification.

Really this is “Unix programs”, since there are no commands in Unix, they are programs except for shell builtins.

Unix command-line interface programs and shell builtins:

Unix File system commands:

• cat (Unix) | cat
• chattr
• chmod
• chown
• chgrp
• cksum
• cmp (Unix) | cmp
• cp (Unix) | cp
• dd (Unix) | dd
• du (Unix) | du
• df (Unix) | df
• file (command) | file
• fuser (Unix) | fuser
• ln (Unix) | ln
• ls
• mkdir
• mv (Unix) | mv
• pax (command) | pax
• pwd
• rm (Unix) | rm
• rmdir
• split (Unix) | split
• tee (command) | tee
• touch (command) | touch
• type (Unix) | type
• umask

Unix process commands:

• at (command) | at
• Commands | bg
• cron | crontab
• Commands | fg
• kill (command) | kill
• nice (Unix) | nice
• ps (Unix) | ps
• time (Unix) | time

Unix user environment commands:

 [[env]]

• exit (command) | exit
• logname
• mesg
• talk (software) | talk
• tput
• uname
• who (Unix) | who
• write (Unix) | write

Unix text processing commands:

• AWK | awk
• basename
• comm
• csplit
• cut (Unix) | cut
• diff
• dirname
• ed (text editor) | ed
• ex (text editor) | ex
• fold (Unix) | fold
• head (Unix) | head
• iconv
• join (Unix) | join
• m4 (computer language) | m4
• more (command) | more
• nl (Unix) | nl
• paste (Unix) | paste
• patch (Unix) | patch
• printf (Unix) | printf
• read (Unix) | read
• sed
• sort (Unix) | sort
• strings (Unix) | strings
• tail (Unix) | tail
• tr (Unix) | tr
• troff
• uniq
• Vi (text editor) | vi
• wc (Unix) | wc
• xargs

Unix shell builtin commands:

 [[alias (command) ]] | [[ alias]]

• cd (command) | cd
• echo (command) | echo
• test (Unix) | test
• unset command | unset
• wait (command) | wait

Unix networking commands:

Note: Networking is not part of SUS

Unix network utility commands:

• Dig (command) | dig
• host (Unix) | host
• ifconfig
• inetd
• netcat
• netstat
• nslookup
• Ping (networking utility) | ping
• rdate
• rlogin
• route (command) | route
• OpenSSH | ssh
• traceroute–>

Unix searching commands:

• Find (Unix) | find
• grep

Unix documentation commands:

• Man page | man

Unix software development commands: Note: There are a huge number of Linux software development tools / Unix software development tools; this list should be restricted to ones that are standardized as part of Unix, i.e., those marked SD, CD], or FD (http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/help/codes.html) within the Unix/POSIX specifications

• ar (Unix) | ar
• ctags
• lex (software) | lex
• make (software) | make
• nm (Unix) | nm
• strip (Unix) | strip
• yacc

Unix miscellaneous commands:

• bc (programming language) | bc
• cal (command) | cal
• expr
• System V printing system | lp
• od (Unix) | od
• sleep (command) | sleep
• true and false (commands) | true and false

• Category:Standard Unix programs - Standard Unix programs
• Category:Unix SUS2008 utilities] - [[Unix SUS2008 utilities
• List of POSIX commands

See also

References

Networking:

Cloud Networking (AWS Networking, Azure Networking, GCP Networking, IBM Cloud Networking, Oracle Cloud Networking, Docker Networking, Kubernetes Networking, Linux Networking - Ubuntu Networking, RHEL Networking, FreeBSD Networking, Windows Server 2022 Networking, macOS Networking, Android Networking, iOS Networking, Cisco Networking), IEEE Networking Standards, IETF Networking Standards, Networking Standards, Internet Protocols, Internet protocol suite

Java Networking,

Network Security, TCP/IP, Internet protocols, K8S networking-K8S nets-K8S net, Container net,

Cloud networking-Cloud nets (AWS net, Azure net, GCP net, IBM net, Oracle net)

Oracle networking-Oracle nets-Oracle net-Oracle network-Oracle networks, Oracle Cloud networking-Oracle Cloud nets-Oracle Cloud net-Oracle Cloud network-Oracle Cloud networks,

Docker networking-Docker nets-Docker net-Docker network-Docker networks,

Podman networking-Podman nets-Podman net-Podman network-Podman networks,

OpenShift networking-OpenShift nets-OpenShift net-OpenShift network-OpenShift networks,

IBM mainframe networking-IBM mainframe nets-IBM mainframe net-IBM mainframe network-IBM mainframe networks,

IP networking-IP nets-IP net-IP network-IP networks, TCP/IP networking-TCP/IP nets-TCP/IP net-TCP/IP network-TCP/IP networks,

OS networking-OS nets-OS net-OS network-OS networks, Operating system networking-Operating system nets-Operating system net-Operating system network-Operating system networks,

Linux networking-Linux nets-Linux net-Linux network-Linux networks,

UNIX networking-UNIX nets-UNIX net-UNIX network-UNIX networks,

RHEL networking-RHEL nets-RHEL net-RHEL network-RHEL networks,

Fedora networking-Fedora nets-Fedora net-Fedora network-Fedora networks,

Rocky networking-Rocky nets-Rocky net-Rocky network-Rocky networks,

Debian networking-Debian nets-Debian net-Debian network-Debian networks, Ubuntu networking-Ubuntu nets-Ubuntu net-Ubuntu network-Ubuntu networks,

IBM networking-IBM nets-IBM net-IBM network-IBM networks, SNA networking-SNA nets-SNA net-SNA network-SNA networks,

Ansible networking-Ansible nets-Ansible net-Ansible network-Ansible networks,

macOS networking-macOS nets-macOS net-macOS network-macOS networks, Apple networking-Apple nets-Apple net-Apple network-Apple networks,

Windows networking-Windows nets-Windows net-Windows network-Windows networks,

Microsoft networking-Microsoft nets-Microsoft net-Microsoft network-Microsoft networks,

Windows Server networking-Windows Server nets-Window Server net-Windows Server network-Windows Server networks,

Cisco networking-Cisco nets-Cisco net-Cisco network-Cisco networks,

Palo Alto networking-Palo Alto nets-Palo Alto net-Palo Alto network-Palo Alto networks,

3Com networking-3Com nets-3Com net-3Com network-3Com networks, Novell networking-Novell nets-Novell net-Novell network-Novell networks, NetWare networking-NetWare nets-NetWare net-NetWare network-NetWare networks, Novell NetWare networking-Novell NetWare nets-Novell NetWare net-Novell NetWare network-Novell NetWare networks,

Networking by Programming Languages