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`java.base` is a module in Java that serves as the foundation for all other modules in the Java Platform. It contains essential classes and interfaces that provide core functionality for Java programs. Some of the key components included in `java.base` module are:

- **java.lang:** This package provides fundamental classes and interfaces that are essential for basic Java programming, including Object, Class, String, StringBuilder, and Throwable.

- ** java.util:** This package provides utility classes and interfaces for collections, date and time, formatting, and other general-purpose utilities.

- ** java.io:** This package provides classes for input and output operations, including file handling, streams, and serialization.

- ** java.net:** This package provides classes for networking operations, including sockets, URLs, and HTTP connections.

- ** java.nio:** This package provides classes for non-blocking I/O operations and buffers, enhancing the efficiency of I/O operations in Java programs.

`java.base` module also includes other sub-packages and classes that are fundamental to the Java programming language and runtime environment. It serves as the basis upon which all other modules in the Java Platform are built, providing essential functionality for developing and running Java applications. Understanding the contents and functionality provided by `java.base` module is crucial for Java developers to effectively use the Java Platform.

Java SE Platform APIs, Java Platform, Standard Edition and Java Development Kit Version 15 API Specification or Java Topics

https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/17/docs/api/java.base/module-summary.html

java.base - Defines the foundational APIs of the Java SE Platform.

Module java.base

module java.base

Defines the foundational Java APIs of the Java SE Platform.

Java Providers:

The JDK implementation of this Java module provides an implementation of the jrt file system provider to enumerate and read the Java class and Java resource files in a Java run-time image. The jrt file system can be created by calling FileSystems.newFileSystem(URI.create(“jrt:/”)).

Java Packages:

• java.io - Provides for system Java input and Java output through Java data streams, Java serialization and the Java file system.

• java.lang - Provides Java classes that are fundamental to the Java design of the Java Java programming language.

• java.lang.annotation - Provides Java library support for the Java programming language's Java annotation facility.

• java.lang.constant - Java classes and Java interfaces to represent nominal Java descriptors for Java run-time entities such as classes or Java method handles, and Java classfile entities such as Java constant pool entries or Java invokedynamic call sites.

• java.lang.invoke - The java.lang.invoke package provides Java low-level primitives for interacting with the Java Virtual Machine.

• java.lang.module - Java classes to support Java module descriptors and creating configurations of Java modules by means of resolution and Java service binding.

• java.lang.ref - Provides Java reference-object classes, which support a limited degree of interaction with the Java garbage collector.

• java lang reflection | java.lang.reflect - Provides Java classes and Java interfaces for obtaining Java reflective information about classes and Java objects.

• java.math - Provides Java classes for performing arbitrary-precision integer arithmetic (Java BigInteger) and arbitrary-precision decimal arithmetic (Java BigDecimal).

• java.net - Provides the Java classes for implementing Java networking applications.

• java.net.spi - Java Service-provider classes for the java.net package.

• java.nio - Defines Java buffers, which are Java containers for data, and provides an overview of the other Java NIO packages.

• java.nio.channels - Defines Java channels, which represent connections to entities that are capable of performing Java I/O operations, such as Java files and Java sockets; defines Java selectors, for Java multiplexed, Java non-blocking I/O operations.

• java.nio.charset - Defines Java charsets, Java decoders, and Java encoders, for translating between Java bytes and Java Unicode characters.

• java.nio.file.attribute - Java interfaces and Java classes providing access to Java file and Java file system Java attributes.

• java.nio.file.spi - Java Service-provider classes for the java.nio.file Java package.

• java.security - Provides the Java classes and Java interfaces for the Java security framework.

• java.security.cert - Provides Java classes and Java interfaces for Java parsing certificates and Java managing certificates, Java certificate revocation lists (CRLs), and Java certification paths.

• java.security.interfaces - Provides Java interfaces for generating Java RSA (Rivest, Shamir and Adleman Java AsymmetricCipher algorithm) crypto keys as defined in the RSA Laboratory Technical Note PKCS1, and DSA (Digital Signature Algorithm) keys as defined in NIST's FIPS-186.

• java.security.spec - Provides Java classes and Java interfaces for key specifications and Java algorithm parameter specifications.

• java.text - Provides Java classes and Java interfaces for handling Java text, Java dates, Java numbers, and Java messages in a manner independent of natural languages.

• java.text.spi - Java Service provider classes for the Java classes in the java.text Java package.

• java.time - The main Java API for Java dates, Java times, Java instants, and Java durations.

• java.time.chrono - Generic Java API for Java calendar systems other than the default Java ISO calendar.

• java.time.format - Provides Java classes to Java print dates and Java parse dates and Java print times and Java parse times. See Java dates and times.

• java.time.temporal - Access to Java date and time using Java fields and units, and Java date time adjusters.

• java.time.zone - Support for Java time-zones and their rules.

• java.util - Contains the Java collections framework, some Java internationalization support Java classes, a Java service loader, Java properties, Java random number generation, Java string parsing and Java scanning Java classes, Java base64 encoding and Java base 64 decoding, a Java bit array, and several miscellaneous Java utility classes.

• java.util.concurrent - Java utility classes commonly useful in Java concurrent programming.

• java.util.concurrent.atomic - A small toolkit of Java classes that support Java lock-free Java thread-safe programming on single Java variables.

• java.util.concurrent.locks - Java interfaces and Java classes providing a Java framework for Java locking and Java waiting for Java conditions that is distinct from built-in Java synchronization and Java monitors.

• java.util.function - Java functional interfaces provide target types for Java lambda expressions and Java method references.

• java.util.jar - Provides Java classes for Java reading JAR and Java writing JAR the JAR (Java ARchive) Java file format, which is based on the standard Java ZIP file format with an optional Java manifest file.

• java.util.random - This Java package contains Java classes and Java interfaces that support a generic Java API for Java random number generation.

• java.util.regex - Java classes for Java matching Java character sequences against Java patterns specified by Java regular expressions.

• java.util.spi - Java Service provider classes for the Java classes in the java.util Java package.

• java.util.stream - Java classes to support Java functional-style operations on Java streams of elements, such as Java map-reduce Java transformations on Java collections.

• java.util.zip - Provides Java classes for Java reading ZIP and Java writing ZIP - the standard Java ZIP and Java GZIP file formats.

• javax.crypto - Provides the Java classes and Java interfaces for Java cryptographic operations.

• javax.crypto.interfaces - Provides Java interfaces for Java Diffie-Hellman keys as defined in RSA Laboratories' PKCS 3.

• javax.crypto.spec - Provides Java classes and Java interfaces for Java cryot key specifications and Java crypto algorithm parameter specifications.

• javax.net - Provides Java classes for Java networking applications.

• javax.net.ssl - Provides Java classes for the Java secure socket Java package.

• javax.security.auth - This Java package provides a Java framework for Java authentication and Java authorization.

• javax.security.auth.callback - This Java package provides the Java classes necessary for Java services to interact with Java applications in order to retrieve information (Java authentication data including Java usernames or Java passwords, for example) or to display information (Java error and Java warning messages, for example).

• javax.security.auth.login - This Java package provides a Java pluggable Java authentication framework.

• javax.security.auth.spi - This Java package provides the Java interface to be used for implementing Java pluggable authentication modules.

• javax.security.auth.x500 - This Java package contains the Java classes that should be used to store Java X500 Principal and X500 Private Credentials in a Subject.

• javax.security.cert - Provides Java classes for Java public key certificates.

---

Java Services:

Provides:

• FileSystemProvider

Uses:

• AbstractChronology - An Java abstract implementation of a Java calendar system, used to organize and identify Java dates.

• AsynchronousChannelProvider - Java Service-provider class for Java asynchronous channels.

• BreakIteratorProvider - A Java abstract class for Java service providers that provide Java concrete implementations of the Java BreakIterator Java class.

• CalendarDataProvider - A Java abstract class for Java service providers that provide Java locale-dependent Java Calendar parameters.

• CalendarNameProvider - A Java abstract class for Java service providers that provide Java localized string representations (Java display names) of Java Calendar field values.

• CharsetProvider - Java Charset Java service-provider class.

• Java Chronology - A Java calendar system, used to organize and identify Java dates.

• CollatorProvider - A Java abstract class for Java service providers that provide Java concrete implementations of the Java Collator class.

• ContentHandlerFactory - This Java interface defines a Java factory for Java content handlers.

• CurrencyNameProvider - A Java abstract class for Java service providers that provide Java localized currency symbols and Java display names for the Java Currency class.

• DateFormatProvider - A Java abstract class for Java service providers that provide Java concrete implementations of the Java DateFormat class.

• DateFormatSymbolsProvider - A Java abstract class for Java service providers that provide Java instances of the Java DateFormatSymbols class.

• DecimalFormatSymbolsProvider - A Java abstract class for Java service providers that provide Java instances of the Java DecimalFormatSymbols class.

• FileSystemProvider - Java Service-provider class for Java file systems.

• FileTypeDetector - A Java file type detector for probing a Java file to guess its Java file type.

• LocaleNameProvider - A Java abstract class for Java service providers that provide Java localized names for the Java Locale class.

• LoginModule - Java Service-provider Java interface for Java authentication technology Java providers.

• NumberFormatProvider - A Java abstract class for Java service providers that provide Java concrete implementations of the Java NumberFormat class.

• Provider - This Java class represents a ”Java provider“ for the Java Security API, where a provider Java implements some or all parts of Java Security.

• ResourceBundleControlProvider - A Java interface for Java service providers that provide Java implementations of Java ResourceBundle.Control.

• ResourceBundleProvider - Java ResourceBundleProvider is a Java service provider Java interface for Java resource bundles.

• SelectorProvider - Java Service-provider Java class for Java selectors and Java selectable channels.

• System.LoggerFinder - The Java LoggerFinder service is responsible for creating, managing, and configuring Java loggers to the underlying Java framework it uses.

• TimeZoneNameProvider - A Java abstract class for Java service providers that provide Java localized time zone names for the Java TimeZone class.

• ToolProvider - A Java interface for Java command-line tools to provide a way to be Java invoked without necessarily starting a new Java VM.

• URLStreamHandlerProvider - Java URL stream handler Java service-provider Java class.

• ZoneRulesProvider - Java Provider of Java time-zone rules to the system.

Java Research:

Java Best Websites:

• java.base on O'Reilly
• java.base on DuckDuckGo
• java.base on docs.oracle.com
• java.base on JavaSpecialists.eu
• java.base on baeldung.com

JVM Languages:

• java.base on kotlinLang.org
• java.base on scala-lang.org
• java.base on clojureDocs.org
• java.base on docs.groovy-lang.org

JVM Frameworks:

• java.base on developer.android.com
• java.base on xda-developers.com
• java.base on spring.io
• java.base on vertx.io
• java.base on quarkus.io
• java.base on graalvm.org

Maven, Maven Central and Gradle

• java.base on search.maven.org
• java.base on MvnRepository.com
• java.base on plugins.gradle.org

Java Tutorials:

• java.base on javatpoint.com
• java.base on w3schools.com
• java.base on tutorialspoint.com
• java.base on FreeCodeCamp.org

Java Security - Java Pentesting

• java.base on exploit-db.com
• java.base on cve.org Database of Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE)
• java.base on threatpost.com
• java.base on TalosIntelligence.com

• java.base on developers.redhat.com
• java.base on IBM.com
• java.base on docs.microsoft.com
• java.base on whatis.techtarget.com
• java.base on YouTube
• java.base on GitHub
• java.base on Reddit
• java.base on scholar.google.com
• java.base on Quora
• java.base on DZone
• java.base on Hacker Noon
• java.base on InfoQ.com
• java.base on Twitter
• java.base on StackOverflow

Fair Use Sources:

• java.base on DuckDuckGo

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Class, Hashtable Class, HashCode Method, Headless Exception, Heap Memory, Hello World Program in Java, Hierarchical Inheritance, High-Level Concurrency API, HTTP Client in Java, HTTP Server in Java, Icon Interface, Identifier Naming Convention, If Statement, IllegalArgumentException, IllegalMonitorStateException, IllegalStateException, IllegalThreadStateException, Image Class, ImageIcon Class, Immutable Classes, Import Statement, InaccessibleObjectException, Inheritance in Java, InitialContext Class, Inner Classes, Input Method Framework, Input Stream, InputStreamReader Class, Instance Initializer Block, Instance Variables, InstantiationException, Integer Class, Integer Overflow and Underflow, InterruptedException, InterruptedIOException, Interface in Java, InternalError, Internationalization, IO Exception, IO Streams in Java, Iterable Interface, Iterator Interface, Jar Entry, Jar File, JarInputStream Class, JarOutputStream Class, Java Access Bridge, Java Annotations, Java API Documentation, Java Applets, Java Archive (JAR), Java Beans, Java Bytecode, Java Class Library, Java Collections Framework, Java Community Process, Java Compiler, Java Database Connectivity (JDBC), Java Development Kit (JDK), Java Documentation Comments, Java Flight Recorder, Java Garbage Collector, Java Generics, Java Memory Model, Java Native Interface (JNI), Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI), Java Network Launching Protocol (JNLP), Java Platform, Java Plugin, Java Reflection API, Java Remote Method Invocation (RMI), Java Runtime Environment (JRE), Java Security Manager, Java Serialization, Java Server Pages (JSP), Java Stream API, Java Swing, Java Virtual Machine (JVM), Java Web Start, JavaFX Platform, javax Package, Javadoc Tool, JAR Signing Mechanism, JDBC API, JDBC Drivers, JFrame Class, JIT Compiler, JLabel Class, JLayeredPane Class, JList Component, JMenu Component, JOptionPane Class, JPanel Class, JPasswordField Component, JProgressBar Component, JScrollBar Component, JScrollPane Component, JSeparator Component, JSlider Component, JSplitPane Component, JTabbedPane Component, JTable Component, JTextArea Component, JTextField Component, JTextPane Component, JToolBar Component, JTree Component, JVM Arguments, JVM Memory Model, Key Event, Key Listener Interface, Key Stroke Class, KeyException, KeySpec Interface, Keyword in Java, Label Class, Lambda Expressions in Java, Layout Manager, LayoutManager2 Interface, Lazy Initialization, Leaf Nodes, Legacy Classes in Java, LineNumberReader Class, Linked Blocking Queue, Linked Hash Map, Linked Hash Set, Linked List Class, List Interface, List Iterator Interface, Listener Interfaces in Java, Load Factor in HashMap, Locale Class, Lock Interface, Logger Class, Logging API in Java, Long Class, Main Method in Java, MalformedURLException, Map Interface, Map.Entry Interface, Marker Interface, Math Class, Media Tracker, Memory Leak in Java, Memory Management in Java, Menu Class, Message Digest, Method Chaining, Method Overloading, Method Overriding, Methods in Java, MIDI Devices in Java, Mouse Adapter Class, Mouse Event, Mouse Listener Interface, Multi-Catch Exception, Multi-Level Inheritance, Multicast Socket, Multidimensional Arrays, Mutable Objects in Java, Naming Convention in Java, Native Methods, Navigable Map, Navigable Set, Nested Classes in Java, Network Interface Class, NoClassDefFoundError, NoSuchFieldException, NoSuchMethodException, Non-Blocking IO (NIO), Null Pointer Exception, Number Class, Number Format Exception, NumberFormat Class, Object Class, Object Cloning, Object Input Stream, Object Oriented Programming, Object Output Stream, Object Serialization in Java, Observer Pattern, Observable Class, OpenGL in Java, Optional Class, OutOfMemoryError, Override Annotation, Package Declaration, Packages in Java, Paint Interface, Panel Class, Parallel Garbage Collector, Parameter Passing in Java, ParseException, Path Interface, Pattern Class, Piped Input Stream, Piped Output Stream, PixelGrabber Class, Point Class, Polymorphism in Java, Prepared Statement, Primitive Data Types in Java, PrintStream Class, PrintWriter Class, Priority Blocking Queue, Priority Queue Class, Private Access Modifier, Process Class, Process Builder Class, Progress Monitor Class, Properties Class, Protected Access Modifier, Proxy Class, Public Access Modifier, Queue Interface, RadioButton Class, Random Access File, Reader Class, ReadWriteLock Interface, Rectangle Class, Recursive Methods, Reflection API in Java, Reference Queue, Regular Expressions in Java, Remote Method Invocation (RMI), Render Quality, Repeatable Annotations, Resource Bundle Class, Resource Leak in Java, ResultSet Interface, ResultSetMetaData Interface, Retry Logic in Java, Return Statement in Java, Runnable Interface, Runtime Class, Runtime Error, Runtime Exception, Runtime Permissions, Runtime Polymorphism, Scanner Class, Scheduling in Java, Script Engine, Scroll Bar Component, Scroll Pane Component, Security Exception, Security Manager, Semaphore Class, Sequence Input Stream, Serializable Interface, ServerSocket Class, Service Loader, Set Interface, Setter Methods, Shared Memory in Java, Short Class, Single Inheritance, Singleton Pattern in Java, Socket Class, SocketTimeoutException, Sorted Map, Sorted Set, Splash Screen, Spring Framework, SQLException, SSL Socket, Stack Class, StackOverflowError, Standard Edition of Java, StandardOpenOption, Statement Interface, StreamTokenizer Class, Strictfp Keyword, String Buffer Class, String Builder Class, String Class, String Constant Pool, StringIndexOutOfBoundsException, String Interning, String Literal in Java, String Pool in Java, String Tokenizer Class, Strong Typing in Java, Structural Patterns, Stub Class, Subclasses in Java, Superclass in Java, Supplier Interface, Support Classes, Swing Components, Swing Timer, Switch Statement in Java, Synchronized Block, Synchronized Method, System Class, System Properties in Java, Tab Pane Component, Table Model Interface, TCP Connection in Java, Template Method Pattern, Text Area Component, Text Field Component, Text Listener Interface, Thread Class, Thread Group, Thread Interruption, Thread Local Class, Thread Priority, Thread Safety in Java, Thread Scheduling, Throwable Class, Time Zone Class, Timer Class, Timer Task Class, Toolkit Class, ToolTip Manager, Transferable Interface, Transient Keyword, Tree Map Class, Tree Set Class, Try With Resources Statement, Type Erasure in Java, Type Inference in Java, Type Parameters, UI Manager Class, Unary Operator Interface, Unchecked Exceptions, UndeclaredThrowableException, Unicode Support in Java, Unmodifiable Collection, Unsafe Class, URL Class, URLConnection Class, URLDecoder Class, URLEncoder Class, URLStreamHandler Class, URLClassLoader Class, User Interface Components, Varargs in Java, Variable Arguments, Variable Scope in Java, Vector Class, Vendor-Specific Extensions, Viewport Class, Virtual Machine in Java, Volatile Keyword, Wait and Notify Methods, Weak Hash Map, Weak Reference, While Loop in Java, Wildcard Generic Types, Window Adapter Class, Window Event, Window Listener Interface, Wrapper Classes in Java, Write Once Run Anywhere, XML Binding in Java, XML Parsing in Java, XML Schema in Java, XPath Expression in Java, XSLT Transformation in Java, Yield Method in Thread, Zip Entry, Zip File, Zip Input Stream, Zip Output Stream, ZoneId Class, ZoneOffset Class

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