Return to Unix, Linux Glossary, Debian Glossary, Fedora Glossary
Creating a detailed Unix glossary with 75 concepts, including descriptions, URLs for official documentation, and links to GitHub repositories or other source code repositories where applicable, poses a significant challenge due to the diversity and breadth of Unix-like systems and the varying availability of official documentation and source code. Given these constraints, I will focus on general concepts applicable across many Unix-like systems, providing URLs for widely recognized documentation sources and repositories where possible. Note that not all Unix concepts have a specific GitHub repository, especially for proprietary systems, but I'll include relevant links where available.
```mediawiki
The interface used by users to interact with the operating system, often through a command-line interface (CLI). [Documentation: https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/]
The core of the Unix operating system, managing hardware resources and system calls. [Documentation: https://www.kernel.org/doc/]
The structure and logic used to manage files and directories on storage devices. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/intro-linux/html/sect_03_01.html]
An instance of a running program, including its code and current activity. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/tlk/kernel/processes.html]
A unique identifier assigned to each process running on the system. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Filesystem-Hierarchy/html/proc.html]
Notifications sent to a process to request a change in state or to communicate. [Documentation: https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Signal-Handling.html]
Tools for directing the output of one command to the input of another. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/io-redirection.html]
The system for managing access through user IDs (UIDs) and group IDs (GIDs). [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Filesystem-Hierarchy/html/chap03.html]
The access rights granted to users and groups for files and directories. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/GNU-Linux-Tools-Summary/html/c1089.htm]
A powerful text editor available in most Unix systems. [Documentation: https://www.vim.org/docs.php] [Source: https://github.com/vim/vim]
A command-line utility for searching text using regular expressions. [Documentation: https://www.gnu.org/software/grep/manual/grep.html] [Source: https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/grep.git/]
A stream editor for filtering and transforming text. [Documentation: https://www.gnu.org/software/sed/manual/sed.html] [Source: https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/sed.git/]
A programming language designed for text processing. [Documentation: https://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/gawk.html] [Source: https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/gawk.git/]
A daemon to execute scheduled commands. [Documentation: https://www.gnu.org/software/mcron/manual/mcron.html]
A protocol for secure remote communication. [Documentation: https://www.openssh.com/manual.html] [Source: https://github.com/openssh/openssh-portable]
Basic commands for managing files and directories. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/GNU-Linux-Tools-Summary/html/c1089.htm]
Commands for managing and troubleshooting network configurations. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/nag2/x-087-2-iface.ifconfig.html]
Tools for assessing system performance and resources. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/GNU-Linux-Tools-Summary/html/c1085.htm]
Systems for managing software packages. [Documentation: https://debian-handbook.info/browse/stable/sect.package-management.html]
Commands for disk partitioning and file system management. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/sag/html/partitions.html]
Variables that affect the behavior of running processes. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/Bash
-Beginners-Guide/html/sect_03_02.html]
The writing of shell scripts to automate tasks. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/]
A standard protocol for system logging. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/sag/html/basic-chapter.html]
A protocol for distributed file systems. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/HOWTO/NFS-HOWTO/intro.html]
A suite for sharing files and printers with Windows. [Documentation: https://www.samba.org/samba/docs/] [Source: https://github.com/samba-team/samba]
Disk space used to extend available physical memory. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/sag/html/swap-space.html]
Data structures used to store information about files. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/tlk/fs/filesystem.html]
Pointers to files within the file system. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/intro-linux/html/sect_03_05.html]
Utilities for file compression and archiving. [Documentation: https://www.gnu.org/software/tar/manual/tar.html] [Source (tar): https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/tar.git/]
Commands for searching the filesystem. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/GNU-Linux-Tools-Summary/html/x11655.htm]
Patterns used for matching text strings. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/x17129.html]
The manual pages, a comprehensive documentation system. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/man-pages/index.html]
The processes for starting up and shutting down Unix systems. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/sag/html/boot-process.html]
A standard layout for Unix filesystems. [Documentation: https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/FHS_3.0/fhs/index.html]
Linking libraries to executables at runtime. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/HOWTO/Program-Library-HOWTO/shared-libraries.html]
Interfaces provided by the Unix kernel. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/tlk/syscalls/syscalls.html]
A tool for dynamic tracing of programs. [Documentation: http://dtrace.org/guide/preface.html]
Extended permission systems on Unix files. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/HOWTO/Access-Control-HOWTO/index.html]
A framework for managing disk storage in a more flexible manner. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/]
IPC mechanism for exchanging data between processes on the same host. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/LG/issue93/bhaskaran.html]
Mechanisms for managing multiple processes from a single shell. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/x9644.html]
Utilities for displaying and setting time and date. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/GNU-Linux-Tools-Summary/html/c1087.htm]
Determines default permissions for new files and directories. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/GNU-Linux-Tools-Summary/html/x1770.htm]
Changes the root directory for a process and its children. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/sag/html/chroot-bind.html]
Init systems for managing processes at boot time. [Documentation (Systemd): https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/] [Source (Systemd): https://github.com/systemd/systemd]
Tools for managing network packet filtering and firewall rules. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/HOWTO/IPCHAINS-HOWTO.html]
The creation and management of keys for SSH authentication. [Documentation:
https://www.ssh.com/ssh/keygen/]
Command for detaching filesystems. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Filesystem-Hierarchy/html/mnt.html]
Commands for disk usage and filesystem space reporting. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/GNU-Linux-Tools-Summary/html/c1085.htm]
Allows a command to continue running after logging out. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/x9644.html]
The first process started by the Unix kernel, spawning all other processes. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/intro-linux/html/sect_04_02.html]
The daemon for logging system messages. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/sag/html/config-syslog.html]
A virtual filesystem providing access to kernel and process information. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Filesystem-Hierarchy/html/proc.html]
A tool for managing the build process of software from source code. [Documentation: https://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/make.html] [Source: https://github.com/make-gnu/make]
A program for applying changes to text files, typically source code. [Documentation: https://www.gnu.org/software/patch/manual/patch.html] [Source: https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/patch.git/]
Compares files line by line. [Documentation: https://www.gnu.org/software/diffutils/manual/diffutils.html] [Source: https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/diffutils.git/]
Daemon programs that provide Internet services. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/sag/html/basic-chapter.html]
The command to attach filesystems to a directory tree. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Filesystem-Hierarchy/html/mnt.html]
Sets the default creation permissions for new files and directories. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/GNU-Linux-Tools-Summary/html/x1770.htm]
A way to create shortcuts for long commands or command sequences. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/aliases.html]
Terminals or console interfaces for interacting with the system. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Filesystem-Hierarchy/html/dev.html]
A measure of system activity, indicating the average number of processes waiting for CPU time. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/sag/html/load-average.html]
A tool for controlling the resources available to the shell and processes started by it. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/limits.html]
A permission setting that when set on a directory, allows only the file's owner, the directory's owner, or root to delete the file. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/sag/html/sticky-bit.html]
Special permission modes that execute a file with the permissions of the file owner or group. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/sag/html/permissions.html]
Changes the owner of a file or directory. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/GNU-Linux-Tools-Summary/html/c1089.htm]
Changes the group ownership of a file or directory. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/GNU-Linux-Tools-Summary/html/c1089.htm]
Displays the username of the current user. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/GNU-Linux-Tools-Summary/html/x11655.htm]
Shows who is logged on the system. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/GNU-Linux-Tools-Summary/html/x11655.htm]
Displays who is logged on and what they are doing. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/GNU-Linux-Tools-Summary/html/x11655.htm]
Shows a listing of last logged in users. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/GNU-Linux-Tools-Summary/html/x11655.htm]
A network diagnostic tool for displaying the route packets take to a network host. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/nag/node82.html]
A DNS lookup utility. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/LG/issue18/dns.html]
A user-space utility program for configuring the Linux IPv4 packet filtering rules. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/HOWTO/IPCHAINS-HOWTO.html]
A network administration command-line tool for querying the Domain Name System (DNS) to obtain domain name or IP address mapping. [Documentation: https://tldp.org/LDP/nag/node83.html]
```
Given the broad scope of Unix and Unix-like systems, the provided links are to general documentation that covers the concepts broadly or to specific tools within the GNU/Linux ecosystem, which represents a significant part of modern Unix-like environments. For proprietary Unix systems, you should consult the vendor's official documentation for the most accurate information.
Creating a comprehensive Unix glossary that encompasses the top 50 concepts requires considering a wide range of Unix-based operating systems and their documentation. Unlike FreeBSD, which has centralized documentation, Unix spans multiple variants like Linux, AIX, HP-UX, Solaris, and more, each with its documentation. For this reason, I'll provide a generic Unix glossary with descriptions of key concepts. For official documentation, I'll reference URLs where you can find broader Unix documentation or specific manuals, noting that for vendor-specific information (like AIX or Solaris), you should consult the vendor's official site.
Please note, the URLs for general Unix documentation will point to places where Unix documentation or related resources can be found, such as the Linux Documentation Project or the Open Group for POSIX standards, as there isn't a singular “official” Unix documentation source for all these concepts.
```mediawiki
The command-line interface used to interact with the operating system. Shells like bash, sh, and zsh allow users to execute commands, run scripts, and manage system tasks. s://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/
The core part of the Unix operating system, responsible for managing hardware, running processes, and system calls. s://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/
The method and data structure that the operating system uses to control how data is stored and retrieved. s://tldp.org/LDP/intro-linux/html/sect_03_01.html
A running instance of a program, including the program code and its current activity. s://tldp.org/LDP/tlk/kernel/processes.html
A unique number assigned to each process running in the system. s://tldp.org/LDP/tlk/kernel/processes.html
A form of inter-process communication in Unix, used by processes to communicate with each other or with the kernel. s://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Signal-Handling.html
Mechanisms for directing the output of one command to the input of another, allowing for data to be processed and transferred between commands. s://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/io-redirection.html
Unix systems manage access control through users and groups, assigning permissions and resources. s://tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Filesystem-Hierarchy/html/chap03.html
Unix file permissions control the read, write, and execute access for the owner, group, and others. s://tldp.org/LDP/intro-linux/html/sect_03_04.html
A text editor available in Unix systems, known for its power and efficiency. s://www.vim.org/docs.php
A command-line utility for searching plain-text data sets for lines matching a regular expression. s://www.gnu.org/software/grep/manual/grep.html
A stream editor for filtering and transforming text in Unix-like systems. s://www.gnu.org/software/sed/manual/sed.html
A programming language and utility for text processing and data extraction. s://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/gawk.html
A time-based job scheduler in Unix-like operating systems for running scheduled tasks. s://www.gnu.org/software/mcron/manual/mcron.html
A cryptographic network protocol for operating network services securely over an unsecured network. s://www.openssh.com/manual.html
Basic commands for managing files and directories in Unix systems. s://tldp.org/LDP/GNU-Linux-Tools-Summary/html/c1089.htm
Commands for managing network interfaces and troubleshooting network connections. s://tldp.org/LDP/nag2/x-087-2-iface.ifconfig.html
Commands for monitoring system performance and resources. s://tldp.org/LDP/LG/issue48/fischer.html
Systems and utilities for managing software packages in Unix-like systems. s://debian-handbook.info/browse/stable/sect.package-management.html
Tools for managing disk partitions, file system creation, and mounting file systems. s://tldp.org /LDP/sag/html/partitions.html
Variables that are defined in the shell and affect the behavior of processes. s://tldp.org/LDP/Bash-Beginners-Guide/html/sect_03_02.html
Writing shell scripts to automate tasks and procedures in Unix systems. s://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/
A standard for message logging, allowing the collection and storage of logs. s://tldp.org/LDP/sag/html/basic-chapter.html
A distributed file system protocol allowing a user on a client computer to access files over a network. s://tldp.org/HOWTO/NFS-HOWTO/intro.html
A re-implementation of the SMB networking protocol, allowing Unix systems to communicate with Windows systems. s://www.samba.org/samba/docs/
A portion of a hard disk used as an extension of the computer's physical memory. s://tldp.org/LDP/sag/html/swap-space.html
Data structures on a file system that store information about files and directories. s://tldp.org/LDP/tlk/fs/filesystem.html
References to files in the filesystem, allowing files to be accessed by multiple paths. s://tldp.org/LDP/intro-linux/html/sect_03_05.html
Utilities for compressing and packaging multiple files into a single archive file. s://www.gnu.org/software/tar/manual/tar.html
Commands for searching and locating files and directories based on criteria. s://tldp.org/LDP/GNU-Linux-Tools-Summary/html/x11655.htm
A sequence of characters that define a search pattern, used by search utilities like grep. s://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/x17129.html
The manual pages in Unix, providing documentation for commands and programs. s://tldp.org/LDP/man-pages/index.html
Processes and commands involved in starting up and shutting down Unix systems. s://tldp.org/LDP/sag/html/boot-process.html
A standard layout for Unix filesystem directories and their contents. s://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/FHS_3.0/fhs/index.html
The process of linking libraries to programs at runtime rather than at compile time. s://tldp.org/HOWTO/Program-Library-HOWTO/shared-libraries.html
Interfaces provided by the Unix kernel for performing various low-level operations. s://tldp.org/LDP/tlk/syscalls/syscalls.html
A comprehensive dynamic tracing framework for performance analysis and troubleshooting. ://dtrace.org/guide/preface.html
A more flexible permission system on Unix that provides detailed access control to files and directories. s://tldp.org/HOWTO/Access-Control-HOWTO/index.html
A device mapper framework that provides logical volume management for the Linux kernel. s://tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/
A form of IPC (Inter-Process Communication) that allows data exchange between processes on the same machine. s://tldp.org/LDP/LG/issue93/bhaskaran.html
Mechanisms provided by Unix shells for managing multiple processes. s://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/x9644.html
Commands for displaying and setting the system time and date. s://tldp.org/LDP/GNU-Linux-Tools-Summary/html/c1087.htm
The default permission or file mode creation mask. s://tldp.org/LDP/GNU-Linux-Tools-Summary/html/x1770.htm
A command that changes the root directory for the current running process and its children. s://tldp.org/LDP/sag/html/chroot-bind.html
Init systems used to bootstrap the user space and manage system processes after booting. s:// tldp.org/LDP/intro-linux/html/sect_04_02.html
Tools for configuring and managing packet filtering and firewall rules. s://tldp.org/HOWTO/IPCHAINS-HOWTO.html
The creation and management of SSH keys for secure, passwordless authentication. s://www.ssh.com/ssh/keygen/
The command used to unmount file systems. s://tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Filesystem-Hierarchy/html/mnt.html
Commands for reporting the disk space usage of files and file systems. s://tldp.org/LDP/GNU-Linux-Tools-Summary/html/c1085.htm
A command to run another command that ignores the HUP (hangup) signal. s://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/x9644.html ```
This glossary provides a foundation for understanding Unix concepts, but it's essential to consult specific documentation for the Unix variant you're using for detailed guidance and procedures. Remember, the URLs provided are general guides and may lead to resources beyond official documentation due to the diverse nature of Unix systems.
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