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Retrofit is a type-safe REST client for Android and Java developed by Square, Inc. It simplifies the process of interacting with RESTful web services. By turning your HTTP API into a Java interface, Retrofit allows you to define method calls and parameters with annotations, making API interactions seamless and more intuitive.

Retrofit is designed to connect to web services and retrieve or send data. It uses annotations to translate defined methods into HTTP calls, including GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, and more. Retrofit can handle various serialization formats, making it flexible for different API requirements.

• Type-safe HTTP requests: Allows for compile-time checks of URL, query parameters, and request body content.
• Automatic JSON serialization: With converters like Gson, Retrofit can automatically handle data serialization and deserialization.
• Asynchronous and synchronous calls: Supports both synchronous blocking calls and asynchronous calls with callbacks.
• Custom converters: Retrofit supports custom converters for different formats and data processing needs.
• Easy to use with RxJava, Coroutines, and other libraries: Retrofit works seamlessly with RxJava, Kotlin Coroutines, and other asynchronous programming tools.

1. Defining a Retrofit Interface ```java public interface MyApiService {

   @GET("users/{user}/repos")
   Call> listRepos(@Path("user") String user);

2. Creating a Retrofit Instance ```java Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()

   .baseUrl("https://api.github.com/")
   .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
   .build();

3. Making an Asynchronous Call ```java MyApiService service = retrofit.create(MyApiService.class); Call<List<Repo» repos = service.listRepos(“octocat”); repos.enqueue(new Callback<List<Repo»() {

   @Override
   public void onResponse(Call>, Response> response) {
       // Handle the response
   }

   @Override
   public void onFailure(Call>, Throwable t) {
       // Handle failure
   }

4. Making a Synchronous Call ```java Response<List<Repo» response = service.listRepos(“octocat”).execute(); List<Repo> repos = response.body(); ```

1. Gson: A JSON library for serializing and deserializing Java objects to JSON and vice versa. 2. OkHttp: An HTTP client that’s efficient and supports SPDY, making network calls faster. 3. RxJava: A library for composing asynchronous and event-based programs using observable sequences. 4. Moshi: A modern JSON library for Android and Java, designed to be as efficient and easy to use as possible. 5. Picasso: An image loading and caching library for Android, often used alongside Retrofit for image API calls.

• Volley: A networking library for Android applications for making network requests.
• OkHttp: While typically used as a client with Retrofit, it can also be used directly for simpler requests.
• Apache HttpClient: A client-side HTTP transport library for Java.
• Feign: A Java to HTTP client binder inspired by Retrofit but focused on microservices.

• GitHub Repository: The source code and development of Retrofit can be tracked on GitHub at s://github.com/square/retrofit(https://github.com/square/retrofit).
• Official Documentation: For comprehensive guides and the API reference, visit s://square.github.io/retrofit/(https://square.github.io/retrofit/).
• Official Website: Discover more about Retrofit and other Square open-source projects at s://square.github.io/(https://square.github.io/).
• Wikipedia Page: While Retrofit itself might not have a dedicated Wikipedia page, information about it can be found within articles about RESTful web services or Square, Inc.'s technology stack.

This summary provides an introduction to Retrofit, highlighting its capabilities, how it streamlines interactions with web APIs, and where to find resources for deeper exploration. For developers looking to integrate web services into their Android or Java applications efficiently, Retrofit offers a powerful, flexible solution.