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Record Definition
Return to Record declaration, Struct definition, Struct declaration
Definitions vs Declarations, Definitions and Declarations (computer programming): Type definition - User-defined type definition, Variable definition - Constant definition, Class definition - Object definition, Constructor definition - Destructor definition, Struct definition - Record definition, Function definition - Method definition, Lambda definition - Anonymous function definition, Enumerator definition, Pointer definition, Generic definition - Template definition, Interface definition - Protocol definition - Trait definition, Namespace definition - Package definition - Module definition - Alias definition - Import definition - Export definition, Macro definition. Programming terms. (navbar_definition)
Also referred to as Struct (see Struct definition).
- Snippet from Wikipedia: Record (computer science)
In computer science, a record (also called a structure, struct, or compound data) is a basic data structure. Records in a database or spreadsheet are usually called "rows".
A record is a collection of fields, possibly of different data types, typically in a fixed number and sequence. The fields of a record may also be called members, particularly in object-oriented programming; fields may also be called elements, though this risks confusion with the elements of a collection.
For example, a date could be stored as a record containing a numeric year field, a month field represented as a string, and a numeric day-of-month field. A personnel record might contain a name, a salary, and a rank. A Circle record might contain a center and a radius—in this instance, the center itself might be represented as a point record containing x and y coordinates.
Records are distinguished from arrays by the fact that their number of fields is determined in the definition of the record, and by the fact the records are a heterogenous data type; not all of the fields must contain the same type of data.
A record type is a data type that describes such values and variables. Most modern computer languages allow the programmer to define new record types. The definition includes specifying the data type of each field and an identifier (name or label) by which it can be accessed. In type theory, product types (with no field names) are generally preferred due to their simplicity, but proper record types are studied in languages such as System F-sub. Since type-theoretical records may contain first-class function-typed fields in addition to data, they can express many features of object-oriented programming.
Records can exist in any storage medium, including main memory and mass storage devices such as magnetic tapes or hard disks. Records are a fundamental component of most data structures, especially linked data structures. Many computer files are organized as arrays of logical records, often grouped into larger physical records or blocks for efficiency.
The parameters of a function or procedure can often be viewed as the fields of a record variable; and the arguments passed to that function can be viewed as a record value that gets assigned to that variable at the time of the call. Also, in the call stack that is often used to implement procedure calls, each entry is an activation record or call frame, containing the procedure parameters and local variables, the return address, and other internal fields.
An object in object-oriented language is essentially a record that contains procedures specialized to handle that record; and object types are an elaboration of record types. Indeed, in most object-oriented languages, records are just special cases of objects, and are known as plain old data structures (PODSs), to contrast with objects that use OO features.
A record can be viewed as the computer analog of a mathematical tuple, although a tuple may or may not be considered a record, and vice versa, depending on conventions and the specific programming language. In the same vein, a record type can be viewed as the computer language analog of the Cartesian product of two or more mathematical sets, or the implementation of an abstract product type in a specific language.
Language Specifics
1. Bash Scripting
2. C Language
3. C++
4. C#
5. Clojure
6. COBOL
- COBOL record definition on IBM.com/docs
7. Dart
8. Elixir
9. Fortran
- Fortran record definition on IBM.com/docs
10. Go
11. Groovy
12. Haskell
13. IBM REXX
- REXX record definition on IBM.com/docs
14. IBM JCL
- JCL record definition on IBM.com/docs
15. Java
16. JavaScript
17. Kotlin
18. PHP
19. PowerShell
20. Python
21. Ruby
22. Rust
23. Scala
24. Swift
25. Microsoft T-SQL
26. TypeScript
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- Snippet from Wikipedia: Declaration (computer programming)
In computer programming, a declaration is a language construct specifying identifier properties: it declares a word's (identifier's) meaning. Declarations are most commonly used for functions, variables, constants, and classes, but can also be used for other entities such as enumerations and type definitions. Beyond the name (the identifier itself) and the kind of entity (function, variable, etc.), declarations typically specify the data type (for variables and constants), or the type signature (for functions); types may also include dimensions, such as for arrays. A declaration is used to announce the existence of the entity to the compiler; this is important in those strongly typed languages that require functions, variables, and constants, and their types to be specified with a declaration before use, and is used in forward declaration. The term "declaration" is frequently contrasted with the term "definition", but meaning and usage varies significantly between languages; see below.
Declarations are particularly prominent in languages in the ALGOL tradition, including the BCPL family, most prominently C and C++, and also Pascal. Java uses the term "declaration", though Java does not require separate declarations and definitions.
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