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• & operator
• background processes running
• special shell character
• VirtualBox commands
• && operators combining commands
• * special shell character
• \ special shell character
• ` special shell character
• [ ] special shell character
• [a z] special shell character
• [a-z] special shell character
• [az] special shell character
• $
• $
• $ special shell character
• built-in variable
• $* built-in variable
• $ built-in variable
• ! ! operator
• != operator
• < special shell character
• << operator
• << special shell character
• > special shell character
• >> special shell character
• (pipe) special shell character
• | operator
• special shell character
• ubuntu_linux_unleashed_2021_edition_index
• " special shell character
• ' special shell character

• BASE-T networking
• G Ethernet networking
• 32-bit Ubuntu 64-bit Ubuntu versus
• G Ethernet networking
• -bit Ubuntu 2-bit Ubuntu versus
• BASE-T networking
• BASE-T networking

• A records
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• ac command
• accessing
• ACL
• setting permissions
• Squid
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• variable values
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• permissions setting
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• Ada
• addressing
• broadcasting
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• NAT
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• unicast addressing
• adduser command
• administration
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• privileges
• Adobe Photoshop
• afio
• all-in-one (Print/Fax/Scan) devices
• AllowOverrides directives (Apache web server)
• ALSA
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• AND
• AND operators
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• applications
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• Linux kernels
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• access control
• configuring
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• runtime servers
• threads
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• Options directives
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• installing
• logging
• modules
• MPM
• online references
• overview of
• Require directive
• runtime servers
• apache2.conf files
• configuring
• DirectoryIndex directive
• DocumentRoot directive
• GID
• Group directive
• Listen directive
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• ServerRoot directive
• UID
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• UserDir directive
• security
• starting/stopping
• threads
• virtual hosting
• apache2.conf files
• API
• AppArmor
• Application Framework
• applications
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• AppArmor
• CD/DVD burning applications
• Brasero
• Linux command line CD creation
• Linux command line DVD creation
• Ubuntu support
• DVD/CD burning applications
• Brasero
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• Linux command line DVD creation
• Ubuntu support
• games
• Battle for Wesnoth
• commercial games
• documentation
• emulators
• FlightGear
• Frets on Fire
• Frozen Bubble
• Game Jolt
• GOG.com
• Humble
• installing from Ubuntu repositories
• installing video drivers (proprietary)
• itch.io
• kid-friendly games
• LGDB
• online game sources
• Scorched D
• Speed Dreams
• SuperTux
• Warsow
• Windows games
• graphics manipulation applications
• Blender
• CinePaint
• darktable
• digiKam
• GIMP
• Hugin
• Inkscape
• Krita
• nautilus-image converter
• netpbm tools
• Photoshop
• POV-Ray
• Radiance
• Shotwell Photo Manager
• Simple Scan
• Xara Xtreme
• microservice architectures
• multimedia applications
• ALSA
• CD/DVD burning applications
• graphics manipulation applications
• music applications
• online references
• OSS
• PulseAudio
• sound cards
• music applications
• Banshee
• Rhythmbox
• Sound Juicer
• productivity applications
• Celtx
• CrossOver Office
• defined
• gedit
• Heimer
• Kile
• LaTeX
• LibreOffice
• LyX
• online references
• pdfedit
• Publican
• Texmaker
• users (typical)
• Windows
• Wine
• XML Copy Editor
• recording/editing sound
• security
• Startup Applications Preferences
• VBA LibreOffice and Office compatibility
• video editing applications
• Avidemux
• Blender
• Cinelerra
• DaVinci Resolve
• Kdenlive
• Lightworks
• OpenShot Video Editor
• PiTiVi
• Shotcut
• apropos command
• APT
• apt-get versus
• day-to-day usage
• finding software
• VirtualBox
• apt-get APT versus
• archives restoring files from
• Ardour
• arguments (positional)
• ARM processors
• arrays (RAID)
• Art of Unix Programming
• ash
• Aslett Matt
• assessing
• needs/resources backup strategies
• vulnerabilities
• assigning
• permissions file systems
• values to variables
• at command
• atomic changes
• attacks
• autocracking scripts
• crackers
• external attacks
• hackers
• internal attacks
• script kiddies
• spoofing attacks
• viruses
• war driving
• worms
• Audacity
• Audio CD Extractor. See Sound Juicer
• authentication
• file systems Apache web server
• PAM
• autoconf command
• autocracking scripts
• automatically waking computers from sleep
• automating tasks with scripts
• availability
• localhost interfaces checking availability of
• memory space displaying
• .avi files
• Avidemux
• awk text editor
• AWS
• Azure

• Back In Time
• background jobs moving jobs to
• background processes
• running backups
• afio
• Amanda
• Back In Time
• cloud computing
• configuration files version control
• copying files
• cp command
• rsync command
• tar command
• data loss
• Déjà Dup
• external hard drives
• File Roller
• flexbackup
• full backups
• with incremental backups
• on a periodic basis
• tar command
• incremental backups
• kdat
• KDE ark archiving tool
• levels of
• mirroring data
• NAS
• network storage
• online references
• restoring files from archives
• scheduling tasks full backups on a periodic basis
• software
• strategies
• assessing needs/resources
• choosing a strategy
• choosing hardware/media
• evaluating
• full backups on a periodic basis
• full backups with incremental backups
• home users
• incremental backups
• inheriting
• large enterprises
• RAID arrays
• simple backup strategies
• small enterprises
• small offices
• system rescue
• restoring GRUB boot loaders
• saving files from nonbooting hard disks
• Ubuntu Rescue disc
• tape drive backups
• tar command
• copying files
• incremental backups
• restoring files from archives
• Ubuntu installations
• Unison
• version control configuration files
• badblocks command
• Banshee music application
• BaseX
• bash
• comparisons of expressions
• file operators
• logical operators
• numeric comparisons
• strings
• local bash shells configuring
• batch command
• batches changing passwords in
• Battle for Wesnoth
• Bazaar
• configuring
• software project management
• Berkeley DB
• bg command
• BigTable
• Bikeshed
• /bin directory
• BIND
• configuring DNS servers
• online references
• BIOS
• boot process
• Ubuntu bootups troubleshooting
• Blender
• graphics manipulation
• video editing
• .bmp files
• BOFH
• boolean operators combining commands
• boot loaders
• boot process
• GRUB2 installing
• GRUB2 boot loaders restoring
• Ubuntu installations
• boot process
• BIOS
• boot loaders
• Boot-Repair
• DHCP activation
• GPT
• init systems
• loading process
• MBR
• NetBoot
• nonbooting hard disks saving files from
• PXE
• runlevels
• services
• controlling
• running
• starting/stopping
• Startup Applications Preferences
• troubleshooting
• Ubuntu troubleshooting
• UEFI
• Brasero
• break statements
• bridges
• broadcasting
• browsers (web)
• Chrome
• Chromium
• database access
• Firefox
• online references
• brute-forcing
• Budgie
• bugs fixing
• Bug Squad
• Ubuntu development
• built-in variables
• bundles (software) Snappy package manager
• bunzip2 command
• burning CD/DVD
• Brasero
• Linux command line
• CD creation
• DVD creation
• Ubuntu support
• business applications Ubuntu for
• byobu multiple terminal operation
• bzip2 command

• C programming
• autoconf command
• building programs
• configuring code
• debugging
• checking source code
• gdb command
• gprof command
• splint command
• symbolic debugging
• tracking function time
• dependency checking
• GCC
• macros
• makefile targets
• makefiles
• C++ programming
• autoconf command
• building programs
• configuring code
• debugging
• checking source code
• gdb command
• gprof command
• splint command
• symbolic debugging
• tracking function time
• dependency checking
• GCC
• macros
• makefile targets
• makefiles
• CK problem
• cabling
• fiber-optic cabling
• UTP cabling
• Caddy
• cameras (digital)
• Ubuntu support
• USB connections
• capturing screen images
• case statements
• Cassandra
• cat command
• /cd command
• cd command
• CD tools
• CD/DVD burning applications
• Brasero
• Linux command line
• CD creation
• DVD creation
• Ubuntu support
• cdrecord command
• Cecilia
• Celtx
• CFEngine
• cgroups
• chains
• change command
• changing
• desktop environments
• directories
• passwords in batches
• permissions files/folders
• shells
• user identities
• window managers
• Chaos Engineering
• Chef
• Cherokee
• chfn command
• chgrp command
• children directories
• children games for
• chmod command –
• chown command
• chpasswd command
• Chrome
• Chromium
• chroot jail
• chsh command
• CI/CD tools
• Cinelerra
• CinePaint
• CLI. See command line
• client/server database model
• Clojure
• cloud computing
• AWS
• Azure
• backups
• containers
• DevOps
• Google Cloud
• hybrid clouds
• IaaS
• Juju
• Landscape
• MaaS
• Mojo
• online references
• OpenStack
• PaaS
• private clouds
• public clouds
• reasons for using
• SaaS
• Sysadmin
• Ubuntu
• AWS
• Azure
• considerations for using
• Google Cloud
• hybrid clouds
• IaaS
• install instructions
• Juju
• Landscape
• MaaS
• Mojo
• OpenStack
• PaaS
• private clouds
• public clouds
• reasons for using
• SaaS
• Ubuntu Cloud
• VM
• VM
• CNAME records
• COBOL
• code packaging Ubuntu development
• combining commands
• && operators
• ! ! operator
• | operator
• boolean operators
• piping
• comm command
• command line (Linux)
• ! ! operator
• | operator
• accessing
• apropos command
• APT
• apt-get versus
• day-to-day usage
• finding software
• background jobs
• background processes running
• basic commands
• BIOS troubleshooting Ubuntu bootups
• byobu multiple terminal operation
• CD creation
• combining commands
• && operators
• ! ! operator
• | operator
• boolean operators
• piping
• command history viewing
• commands
• combining –
• list of
• redirecting input/output of
• shortcuts
• standard input/output
• commonly used commands/programs
• Coreutils
• defined
• directories
• /bin directory
• changing
• children directories
• confining scripts to directories
• copying files
• creating
• creating files
• deleting
• displaying contents of files
• /etc directory
• finding current directory
• finding files
• /home directory
• listing contents of
• listing files in directories
• moving files
• parent directories
• permissions
• printing directory sizes
• printing last lines of files
• /proc directory
• regular expressions
• renaming files
• /sbin directory
• sorting file contents
• /tmp directories
• /usr directory
• /var directory
• wildcard characters
• documentation
• manual pages
• reading
• DVD creation
• packet writing
• session writing
• environment variables
• file systems
• directories
• hierarchy of
• files/folders
• comparisons
• compressed files
• creating links
• downloading
• finding differences in files
• finding files
• finding from indexes
• finding similarities in files
• listing in directories
• listing system information
• printing contents of
• foreground jobs
• GRUB troubleshooting Ubuntu bootups
• input string searches
• jobs
• executing in parallel
• listing
• kernel ring buffers reading contents of
• location of commands printing
• logging out of
• logins
• from remote computers
• text-based logins
• manual pages
• multiple terminal operation
• MySQL command line client
• network interface configuration
• ifconfig command
• ip command
• ip route command
• netstat command
• online references
• paging through output
• piping commands
• polite system resets
• PostgreSQL command line client
• printing resource usage
• processes
• listing
• prioritizing
• substituting
• reasons for using
• REISUB
• repeating text
• rerunning previous commands
• resource usage printing
• root accounts
• sequence running commands in
• sudo command troubleshooting
• systems
• rebooting
• shutting down
• text editors
• Ubuntu bootups troubleshooting
• user accounts
• creating
• deleting
• super user accounts
• whereis command
• command line (shells)
• background processes
• pattern-matching
• piping commands
• commands
• & operator running background processes
• && operators
• ! ! operator
• | operator
• database commands
• history of commands viewing
• piping –
• printing location of
• redirecting input/output
• redirecting input/output with shell command line
• rerunning previous commands
• running in sequence
• shortcuts
• substituting
• wildcard characters
• commercial games
• community teams testing Ubuntu
• comparing files/folders
• comparisons of expressions
• file operators
• logical operators
• numeric comparisons
• strings
• compatibility
• free/open-source software MS Office compatibility
• LibreOffice Office compatibility
• Office free/open-source software compatibility
• open-source/free software MS Office compatibility
• Ubuntu installations Mac hardware compatibility
• compiling
• kernels
• software
• from source
• from tarballs
• from Ubuntu repositories
• compressed files
• computers (remote) command line logins
• configuration files
• Dotfiles
• version control
• configuring
• Apache web server
• .htaccess configuration files
• runtime servers
• threads
• bash shells
• Bazaar
• C/C++ code
• configuration management
• dotdee
• Snappy package manager
• Ubuntu Core
• DHCP software
• dial-up Internet access
• disk quotas
• DNS servers with BIND
• DSL Internet access
• /etc directory configuration files
• firewalls
• GPG keys
• hosts (networks) with DHCP
• Internet connections common configuration information
• kernels
• Launchpad work environments
• LDAP servers
• local bash shells
• localhost interfaces
• MySQL
• networks
• command line network interfaces
• configuration files
• DHCP
• /etc/host.conf files
• /etc/hosts files
• /etc/netplan/*.yaml files
• /etc/nsswitch.conf files
• /etc/resolv.conf files
• graphical configuration tools
• nm-connection-editor
• NFS
• clients
• servers
• pbuilder
• PostgreSQL
• power management in Ubuntu
• PPP Internet access
• PPPoE
• printers in Ubuntu
• runtime servers Apache web server
• Samba
• /etc/samba/smb.conf files
• global behaviors
• security
• software repositories
• Squid
• Squid clients
• SSH server
• system settings in Ubuntu
• Ubuntu
• date/time settings
• development packages
• power management
• printer configurations
• software repositories
• system settings
• troubleshooting post-configuration problems
• wireless networks
• VPN
• clients
• servers
• wireless networks
• confining scripts to directories
• Conky
• connectivity
• Internet
• checking
• common configuration information
• dial-up access
• DSL access
• ISP
• Linux commands
• online references
• PPP access
• PPPoE
• troubleshooting
• Ubuntu commands
• VM
• console-based monitoring
• containers
• Docker
• Kubernetes
• LXC
• LXD
• online references
• contents of directories listing
• contents of files
• displaying
• sorting
• converting
• graphics
• sound files
• copying
• files between machines (remote access)
• files/folders –. See also mirroring
• cp command
• rsync command
• tar command
• VM
• Coreutils
• CouchDB
• cp command
• crackers
• createdb command
• createuser command
• cron command
• CrossOver Office
• cups cancel command
• cups command
• cups disable command
• cups enable command
• CUPS GUI network printers
• cuspreject command
• custom kernels

• D programming language
• daemons
• AND
• Linux
• smbd starting/stopping
• darktable
• Dart
• dash
• Dash (GNOME)
• data SQL tables
• inserting data
• retrieving data
• data directory initialization PostgreSQL
• data integrity relational databases
• data locking relational databases
• data loss
• data mirroring
• data recovery
• GRUB2 boot loaders restoring
• saving files from nonbooting hard disks
• Ubuntu Rescue disc
• databases
• accessing
• local GUI clients
• MySQL
• SSH
• web browsers
• AND operators
• client/server model
• commands
• flat file databases
• graphical database clients
• MySQL
• ACID compliance
• command line client
• configuring
• creating databases
• data integrity
• data locking
• database access
• inserting data into tables
• mysql command
• mysqladmin command
• mysqldump command
• MySQLGUI
• online references
• PostgreSQL versus
• procedural languages
• retrieving data from tables
• root user passwords
• speed
• SQL subqueries
• stored procedures
• triggers
• NoSQL
• advantages of
• BaseX
• Berkeley DB
• BigTable
• Cassandra
• CouchDB
• disadvantages of
• document stores
• etcd
• FlockDB
• graph stores
• HBase
• HyperGraphDB
• key/value stores
• Memcached
• MemcacheDB
• MongoDB
• Neoj
• NewSQL and
• online references
• OrientDB
• Redis
• Riak
• Scylla
• UnQL
• wide column stores
• OR operators
• PostgreSQL
• ACID compliance
• command line client
• configuring
• creating database users
• creating databases
• data integrity
• data locking
• database access
• deleting database users
• granting/revoking privileges
• initializing data directories 9
• MySQL versus
• online references
• pgAdmin
• procedural languages
• retrieving data from tables
• speed
• SQL subqueries
• stored procedures
• triggers
• PostgreSQL
• creating tables
• DBA
• inserting data into tables
• operation of
• SQL basics
• Datadog
• date/time settings
• date command
• Ubuntu
• DaVinci Resolve
• DBA
• Debian Linux
• debugging C/C++ programming
• checking source code
• gdb command
• gprof command
• splint command
• symbolic debugging
• tracking function time
• Déjà Dup
• deleting
• directories
• PostgreSQL database users
• user accounts
• deluser command
• dependency checking
• depmod command
• desktop environments
• Budgie
• changing
• GNOME
• Dash
• Mutter
• Power icon
• Shell
• Show Applications icon
• GNOME
• KDE
• Kubuntu
• Kylin
• Lubuntu
• LXDE
• MATE
• online references
• Ubuntu desktops sharing
• Ubuntu MATE
• widgets
• X server
• benefits of
• components of
• display manager
• display managers
• online references
• starting
• terminal clients
• window manager
• xorg.conf files
• Xfce
• Xubuntu
• development (Ubuntu)
• Bazaar
• fixing bugs
• GPG keys
• introduction to
• Launchpad
• creating accounts
• work environments
• local bash shells configuring
• online references
• package installation
• code packaging
• packages
• pbuilder
• SSH keys
• Device section (xorg.conf files)
• devices
• all-in-one (Print/Fax/Scan) devices
• devices.txt files
• i2c-dev devices
• security
• DevOps
• Chaos Engineering
• CI/CD tools
• Sysadmin versus
• df command
• dhclient command
• DHCP
• activating
• dhcpclient
• Dynamic DNS
• networks
• configuring
• host configurations
• operation of
• servers
• software installing/configuring
• dial-up Internet access configuring
• diff command
• differences in files finding
• digiKam
• digital cameras
• Ubuntu support
• USB connections
• directories
• /bin directory
• changing
• children directories
• creating
• data directory initialization PostgreSQL
• deleting
• DIT
• /etc directory
• files
• copying
• creating
• displaying contents of
• finding
• listing in directories
• moving
• printing last lines of files
• renaming
• sorting file contents
• finding current directory
• home directories
• /home directory
• kernel directories
• LDAP directories populating
• listing contents of
• parent directories
• permissions
• printing directory sizes
• /proc directory
• regular expressions
• /sbin directory
• scripts confining to directories
• /tmp directories
• user directories
• /usr directory
• shared data
• X server
• /var directory
• wildcard characters
• DirectoryIndex directive (Apache web server)
• disaster recovery planning
• disk quotas
• configuring
• implementing
• managing
• display managers X server
• displaying
• available memory space
• contents of files
• free space (hard disks)
• distributed processing X server
• distributions
• Linux distributions
• included software
• versions of
• Ubuntu distributions versions of
• DIT
• dmesg command
• DNS
• Dynamic DNS
• online references
• records
• A records
• AAAA records
• CNAME records
• MX records
• NS records
• SOA records
• TXT records
• requests
• search orders
• servers
• DocBook Publican
• Docker
• document stores
• documentation
• apropos command
• games
• Linux
• manual pages
• mind maps
• reading
• TeX documents
• Kile
• LaTeX
• LyX
• Texmaker
• Ubuntu
• Wayland
• whereis command
• WYGIWYW
• DocumentRoot directive (Apache web server)
• domains
• DNS
• online references
• records
• requests
• servers
• hostnames
• names
• root zones
• TLD
• dotdee
• Dotfiles
• downloading
• files/folders
• Ubuntu updates during installation
• drivers video drivers (proprietary) installing
• dropdb command
• dropuser command
• DSL Internet access configuring
• du command
• dual-boot systems Ubuntu installations
• dumb gateways
• dummy interfaces
• DVD installations Ubuntu
• dvd+rw-tools
• DVD/CD burning applications
• Brasero
• Linux command line
• CD creation
• DVD creation
• preformatted DVD
• Ubuntu support
• Dynamic DNS
• Dynamo

• efsck command
• echo command
• Eclipse
• editing
• /etc/modprobe.conf files
• sound
• Ardour
• Audacity
• Cecilia
• LMMS
• Mixxx
• Rosegarden
• text
• awk
• emacs
• gedit
• kate
• kedit
• nano
• sed
• vi
• vim
• video
• Avidemux
• Blender
• Cinelerra
• DaVinci Resolve
• Kdenlive
• Lightworks
• OpenShot Video Editor
• PiTiVi
• Shotcut
• Elixir
• Elm
• emacs text editor
• email
• Autoresponders
• virus scanners
• embedded spaces resolving strings with
• emulators
• encrypted files
• endless loops
• enterprise servers monitoring
• environment variables
• erasing hard disks Ubuntu installations
• Erlang
• error messages
• redirecting input/output of commands
• sudo command
• /etc directory
• etcd
• /etc/host.conf files
• /etc/hosts files
• /etc/modprobe.conf files
• /etc/modprobed files
• /etc/netplan/*.yaml files
• /etc/nsswitch.conf files
• /etc/resolv.conf files
• /etc/samba/smb.conf files
• etckeeper
• ethereal command
• Ethernet
• G Ethernet networking
• G Ethernet networking
• Gigabit Ethernet. See BASE-T networking
• PPPoE
• evaluating backup strategies
• event handlers
• executing
• jobs in parallel
• shell scripts
• exit statements
• expr statements
• expressions
• comparisons of expressions
• file operators –
• logical operators
• numeric comparisons –
• strings –
• directories
• external attacks
• external hard drives backups

• faillog command
• fax machines all-in-one (Print/Fax/Scan) devices
• FDDI networks
• Fetchmail
• fg command
• fiber-optic networks
• File Roller
• file systems
• authentication Apache web server
• directories
• /bin directory
• changing
• children directories
• copying files
• creating
• creating files
• deleting –
• displaying contents of files
• /etc directory
• finding current directory
• finding files
• /home directory
• listing contents of
• listing files in directories
• moving files
• parent directories
• printing directory sizes
• printing last lines of files
• /proc directory
• regular expressions
• renaming files
• /sbin directory
• sorting file contents
• /tmp directories
• /usr directory
• /var directory
• wildcard characters
• hierarchy of
• permissions
• altering
• assigning
• changing file groups
• changing file permissions
• setting with ACL
• sgid permissions
• sticky bit permissions
• suid permissions
• viewing/modifying default permissions
• Files section (xorg.conf files)
• files/folders
• apache.conf files
• comparisons
• compressed files
• configuration files version control
• copying. See also mirroring –
• between machines (remote access)
• cp command
• rsync command
• tar command
• creating in directories
• disabling access time
• displaying contents of
• Dotfiles
• downloading
• encrypted files
• /etc/host.conf files
• /etc/hosts files
• /etc/modprobe.conf files
• /etc/modprobed files
• /etc/netplan/*.yaml files
• /etc/nsswitch.conf files
• /etc/resolv.conf files
• file operator comparisons –
• File Roller
• finding
• differences in files
• from indexes
• similarities in files
• in Ubuntu
• inodes
• LDIF files
• links creating
• listing in directories
• log files
• checking
• rotating
• makefiles
• mirroring. See also copying
• moving
• network configuration files
• new user home directories
• NFS
• clients
• installing
• servers
• starting/stopping
• password files
• permissions
• altering
• changing file groups
• changing permissions
• viewing/modifying default permissions
• printing
• contents of
• file sizes
• last lines of files
• renaming
• restoring files from archives
• Samba
• configuring
• /etc/samba/smb.conf files
• installing
• saving files from nonbooting hard disks
• sharing
• NFS
• online references
• Samba
• sorting contents of
• temporary file storage /tmp directories
• time warps
• variable data files /var directory
• filesystems
• performance tuning
• synchronizing
• find command
• finding
• directories
• files/folders
• differences in files
• from indexes
• similarities in files
• in Ubuntu
• groups
• software with APT
• finger information fields
• Firefox
• firewalls
• configuring
• iptables
• nftables
• UFW
• .flac files
• flat file databases
• flexbackup
• FlightGear
• FlockDB
• .flv files
• folders. See files/folders
• for statements
• foreground jobs
• formatting DVD
• Forth
• Fortran
• FQDN
• free command
• free/open-source software Office compatibility
• free space displaying
• hard disks
• memory space
• Frets on Fire
• Frozen Bubble
• fstab command
• ftp command
• full backups
• with incremental backups
• on a periodic basis
• tar command
• functions shell scripts

• Game Jolt
• games
• Battle for Wesnoth
• commercial games
• documentation
• emulators
• FlightGear
• Frets on Fire
• Frozen Bubble
• Game Jolt
• GOG.com
• Humble
• installing
• from Ubuntu repositories
• video drivers (proprietary)
• itch.io
• kid-friendly games
• LGDB
• online game sources
• online references
• Scorched D
• Speed Dreams
• Steam
• SuperTux
• video drivers (proprietary) installing
• Warsow
• Windows games
• gateways
• dumb gateways
• smart gateways
• GCC
• gdb command
• gedit
• gedit text editor
• genprof
• GHC
• GID
• .gif files
• Gigabit Ethernet. See BASE-T networking
• GIMP
• Git software project management
• Glade
• GNOME
• Dash
• File Roller
• Glade
• Mutter
• performance tuning
• Power icon
• Shell
• Show Applications icon
• GNOME
• gnome-nettool
• GNU
• Coreutils
• GCC
• GPL development of
• Go programming language
• GOG.com
• Google Chrome
• Google Chromium
• Google Cloud
• Google Play
• GParted
• gpasswd command
• GPG keys
• configuring
• uploading
• GPL development of
• gprof command
• GPT boot process
• granting/revoking privileges PostgreSQL
• graph stores
• graphical database clients
• graphical development tools
• Eclipse
• Glade
• IDE
• KDevelop Client
• NetBeans
• Oracle JDeveloper
• SDK
• Visual Studio Code
• graphical network configuration tools
• graphical process tools
• Conky
• gnome-nettool
• vncviewer
• Wireshark
• graphics
• .bmp files
• converting
• .gif files
• image captures
• .jpg files
• .pbm files
• .pcx files
• .pgm files
• .png files
• .pnm files
• .ppm files
• .svg files
• .tif files
• graphics manipulation applications
• Blender
• CinePaint
• darktable
• digiKam
• GIMP
• Hugin
• Inkscape
• Krita
• nautilus-image converter
• netpbm tools
• Photoshop
• POV-Ray
• Radiance
• Shotwell Photo Manager
• Simple Scan
• Xara Xtreme
• grep command
• Groovy
• Group directive (Apache web server)
• group management
• finding groups
• listing groups
• tools
• groupadd command
• groupdel command
• groupmod command
• groups command
• grpck command
• GRUB
• recovery mode
• reinstalling
• Ubuntu bootups troubleshooting
• GRUB
• boot loaders restoring
• installing
• Guacamole
• GUI
• Budgie
• GNOME
• Dash
• Mutter
• Power icon
• Shell
• Show Applications icon
• GNOME
• KDE
• Kubuntu
• Kylin
• local GUI clients database access
• Lubuntu
• LXDE
• MATE
• MySQLGUI
• pgAdmin
• Ubuntu MATE
• Wayland
• widgets
• X server
• benefits of
• components of
• display manager
• display managers
• distributed processing
• online references
• starting
• terminal clients
• /usr directory
• window manager
• xorg.conf files
• Xfce
• Xubuntu
• gunzip command
• gzip command

• hackers
• hard disks
• | operator accessing apropos command background jobs – basic commands – BIOS boolean operators byobu – CD creation – changing directories – command shortcuts commands list – commonly used commands/programs compressed files – confining scripts to directories – copying files Coreutils creating links – defined – directories – downloading files/folders DVD creation – environment variables – executing jobs in parallel – file comparisons file systems – finding differences in files finding files – finding files from indexes finding similarities in files – foreground jobs – GRUB – input string searches – kernel ring buffers listing files in directories – listing jobs listing processes – listing system information – logging out of manual pages – – multiple terminal operation – online references piping commands – polite system resets – printing directory sizes printing disk usage printing file contents – printing resource usage – prioritizing processes – reading documentation – reasons for using – rebooting systems – redirecting input/output of commands – REISUB – remote computer logins – repeating text – rerunning previous commands – root accounts – – running background processes – running commands in sequence – shutting down systems – standard input/output of commands substituting processes super user accounts – – text editors – text-based logins – troubleshooting sudo command – troubleshooting Ubuntu bootups user accounts – – viewing command history whereis command daemons Debian Linux development of – directories – /bin directory changing – children directories copying files creating creating files – deleting – – displaying contents of files /etc directory finding current directory finding files /home directory listing contents of – listing files in directories – moving files parent directories permissions – printing directory sizes printing last lines of files – /proc directory – regular expressions renaming files /sbin directory sorting file contents – /tmp directories /usr directory /var directory wildcard characters distributions included software – versions of documentation – file systems directories – hierarchy of – permissions – filesystems performance tuning – synchronizing GNU GPL development of – HOWTO documents kernels Android mobile development compiling – configuring – creating RAM disk images custom kernels devices.txt files directories – first kernel ide.txt files initrd.txt files kernel oops kernel-parameters.txt files loading make utility modules – obtaining sources – online references – patching – performance tuning – recompiling – security source tree – sysrq.txt files troubleshooting – types of – versions of location of commands printing manual pages – network connectivity commands numbering schema online references paging through output – reasons for using – rebooting systems – security SELinux shells shutting down systems – user accounts creating – deleting video viewing viruses web resources X server benefits of – components of – display manager display managers distributed processing – online references starting terminal clients – /usr directory window manager – xorg.conf files – Lisp Listen directive (Apache web server) listing contents of directories – files/folders in directories – groups – jobs processes – system information – units (services) LMMS ln command – loading process kernels – modprobe command – modules local bash shells configuring local GUI clients database access localhost interfaces checking availability of configuring manually locate command location of commands printing locking data relational databases users out of accounts log files checking – rotating – logging Apache web server – logging out of command line logical operators comparisons logins command line from remote computers – text-based logins – key-based logins – logname command loopback interfaces. See localhost interfaces loops (endless) – loss of data lp command lpc command lpq command lprm command lpstat command ls command – – lsblk command – lshw command – lsmod command – – lspci command – Lua Lubuntu – lusers LXC LXD LXDE – LyX M MaaS Mac hardware Ubuntu installations MAC systems macros – Mail Delivery Agent (MDA) – Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Maildir Versus Mbox make utility makefiles – managing Apache web server .htaccess configuration files – access control configuring – – development of – file system authentication – HTTPS – installing logging – modules – MPM – online references overview of runtime servers – security – starting/stopping – threads virtual hosting – configurations dotdee – Snappy package manager – Ubuntu Core disk quotas groups finding groups listing groups – tools – modules – Nginx web server – building sources – configuring – HTTPS – installing – modules online references PHP – uninstalling virtual hosting – passwords changing in batches – password files – shadow passwords – system password policies sets of servers Ansible CFEngine Chef Juju Landscape online references Puppet – SaltStack – software APT – apt-get – compiling software – configuration management – online references Software Updater – Synaptic – Ubuntu Software software project management Bazaar – Git – Subversion – system management tools Conky – gnome-nettool System Monitor vncviewer Wireshark system resource management APT – apt-get – compiling software – configuration management – online references Software Updater – Synaptic – Ubuntu Software user accounts – adding accounts – administration privileges BOFH changing identities – disk quotas – file permissions GID group management – locking users out of accounts lusers monitoring user activity – online references passwords – root privileges – root user accounts – stereotypes super user accounts system user accounts – tools – Ubuntu commands – UID usernames manual pages – Linux – reading – MATE – MBR boot process MEAN – Memcached – MemcacheDB memory displaying available space Merriman Dwight message block printing – microservice architectures Microsoft Azure mind maps mirroring data mirroring. See also copying Mixxx mkdir command mkisofs command "moat mentality" mobile development Android Android Runtime Android Studio Application Framework – applications ARM processors Google Play Linux kernels RISC processors modifying default file permissions – modinfo command modprobe command – – modprobe.d/ command Module section (xorg.conf files) modules – Apache web server – MPM Apache web server – Nginx web server Mojo MongoDB Monitor section (xorg.conf files) monitoring console-based monitoring – enterprise servers – KDE monitoring tools systems checking log files – Conky – console-based monitoring – disk quotas displaying free hard disk space displaying used memory enterprise servers – graphical process tools – KDE monitoring tools killing processes – online references priority scheduling rotating log files – system management tools – System Monitor user activity – Mono – motd files mounting Samba shares – .mov files moving files/folders jobs background jobs – to background/foreground – foreground jobs – .mp files .mp files .mpeg files MPM Apache web server – MS Office CrossOver Office free/open-source software compatibility LibreOffice compatibility VBA MS-DOS mtr command Internet connections checking – multicasting multimedia applications ALSA CD/DVD burning applications Brasero Linux command line CD creation – Linux command line DVD creation – Ubuntu support graphics manipulation applications Blender CinePaint darktable digiKam GIMP – Hugin Inkscape Krita nautilus-image converter netpbm tools Photoshop POV-Ray Radiance Shotwell Photo Manager Simple Scan Xara Xtreme music applications Banshee Rhythmbox Sound Juicer online references OSS PulseAudio recording/editing sound sound cards – video editing applications Avidemux Blender Cinelerra DaVinci Resolve Kdenlive Lightworks OpenShot Video Editor PiTiVi Shotcut multiple jobs executing in parallel – multiple terminal operation byobu – music applications Banshee Rhythmbox Sound Juicer Mutter mv command MX records MySQL ACID compliance – command line client – configuring – creating databases – data integrity – data locking – database access local GUI clients SSH – web browsers inserting data into tables mysql command mysqladmin command mysqldump command MySQLGUI online references PostgreSQL versus – procedural languages retrieving data from tables – root user passwords speed SQL subqueries stored procedures triggers mysql command mysqladmin command mysqldump command MySQLGUI N Nagios name servers DNS online references records – requests – servers – – setting – naming services – nano text editor – NAS NAT nautilus-image converter needs assessments backup strategies – Neoj neofetch command – NetBeans NetBoot boot process NetCat netmasks. See subnet masks netpbm tools – netstat command networks BASE-T networking G Ethernet networking G Ethernet networking BASE-T networking BASE-T networking accessing chains bridges – broadcasting cabling fiber-optic cabling UTP cabling chains command line network interface configuration ifconfig command – ip command – ip route command netstat command configuring command line network interfaces – configuration files – DHCP – /etc/host.conf files /etc/hosts files – /etc/netplan/*.yaml files – /etc/nsswitch.conf files – /etc/resolv.conf files – graphical configuration tools nm-connection-editor – connections troubleshooting DHCP activating configuring hosts – installing/configuring software – DNS search orders dummy interfaces FDDI networks fiber-optic networks gateways dumb gateways smart gateways hosts adding to /etc/hosts files – configuring with DHCP – hubs initializing hardware – /etc/modprobe.conf files kernel modules – modprobe command – Internet connections – checking – common configuration information – dial-up access – DSL access ISP – Linux commands PPP access PPPoE troubleshooting Ubuntu commands IP masquerading – IPv addressing – IPv addressing – LAN network printers – localhost interfaces checking availability of configuring manually "moat mentality" multicasting name servers – naming services – NAT NIC – online references – printers CUPS GUI – LAN – online references server message block printing – troubleshooting – routers storage backups subnet masks – subnetting – switches TCP/IP addressing – IP masquerading – ports – Token Ring networking troubleshooting connections Ubuntu unicast addressing VPN – configuring clients – configuring servers – online references wireless networks – configuring interfaces selecting protocols Ubuntu support – New Relic new shell programs running – NewSQL newusers command NFS configuring clients – servers – installing starting/stopping nftables Nginx web server – building sources – configuring – HTTPS – installing – modules online references PHP – uninstalling virtual hosting – NIC – BASE-T networking G Ethernet networking G Ethernet networking BASE-T networking BASE-T networking fiber-optic networks promiscuous mode security Token Ring networking wireless network interfaces nice command – Nmap nm-connection-editor – nonbooting hard disks saving files from NoSQL databases – advantages of BaseX Berkeley DB BigTable Cassandra CouchDB – disadvantages of – document stores – etcd FlockDB graph stores HBase HyperGraphDB key/value stores Memcached – MemcacheDB MongoDB Neoj NewSQL and online references – OrientDB Redis Riak Scylla UnQL wide column stores NS records numbering schema Linux kernels numeric comparisons – – O OCaml Office CrossOver Office free/open-source software compatibility LibreOffice compatibility VBA .ogg files .ogv/.ogg files online references Apache web server backups BIND boot process – cloud computing command line containers desktop environments DNS file sharing games HTTP servers Internet connections – kernels – LDAP Linux multimedia applications MySQL network printers networks – Nginx web server NoSQL databases – performance tuning – PostgreSQL programming – programming languages – QA remote access – security – sets of servers shell scripts software management sound Squid system monitoring system resource management testing Ubuntu Ubuntu development user accounts virtualization VPN Wayland web browsers web server stacks X server OpenJDK – OpenLDAP. See LDAP OpenShot Video Editor open-source/free software Office compatibility OpenSSH. See SSH OpenStack – OR operators – optimizing performance – badblocks command efsck command file access time disabling filesystems – GNOME – hdparm command – I/O transfer speeds KDE – kernels – online references – storage disks tunefs command – Tuned Project – Options directives (Apache web server) Oracle JDeveloper OrientDB OSS output commands redirecting – redirecting with shell command line standard input/output paging through – P PaaS packages PPA snap packages – Ubuntu development code packaging – configuring – installing – packet writing Linux command line DVD creation – paging through output – PAM – parallel executing jobs in – parameters (positional) accessing/retrieving variables example of – parent directories partitions planning Ubuntu installations Ubuntu installations passwd command passwords – brute-forcing – changing in batches – MySQL root users password files – shadow passwords – system password policies Ubuntu user accounts patching kernels – pattern-matching .pbm files pbuilder .pcx files pdcsh PDF pdfedit pdksh comparisons of expressions – file operators – logical operators numeric comparisons – strings – performance tuning – badblocks command efsck command file access time disabling filesystems – GNOME – hdparm command – HPC I/O transfer speeds KDE – kernels – online references – storage disks tunefs command – Tuned Project – periodic basis full backups on – peripherals digital cameras scanners Perl permissions directories – file systems – altering permissions – assigning permissions – changing file groups changing file permissions viewing/modifying default permissions – files/folders altering permissions – changing file groups changing permissions viewing/modifying default permissions – setting with ACL – sgid permissions – sticky bit permissions – suid permissions – pgAdmin .pgm files Photoshop PHP – physical security – PID – ping command checking Internet connections – ping command checking Internet connections – pipelines (CI/CD) piping commands – – PiTiVi planning backup strategies assessing needs/resources – choosing a strategy choosing hardware/media – evaluating – full backups on a periodic basis – full backups with incremental backups home users – incremental backups inheriting large enterprises mirroring data RAID arrays simple backup strategies small enterprises small offices disaster recovery plans – partition strategies Ubuntu installations Ubuntu installations – flavors of Ubuntu – partition strategies researching hardware specifications – .png files .pnm files polite system resets – ports TCP/IP networking – Ubuntu network ports uplink ports positional arguments positional parameters accessing/retrieving variables example of – Postfix – PostgreSQL ACID compliance – command line client – configuring creating database users – databases data integrity – data locking database access – local GUI clients SSH – web browsers deleting database users granting/revoking privileges – initializing data directories MySQL versus – online references pgAdmin procedural languages retrieving data from tables speed SQL subqueries stored procedures triggers POV-Ray Power icon (GNOME) power management configuring in Ubuntu – PPA .ppm files PPP Internet access configuring PPPoE – preformatted DVD preinstallation processes Ubuntu – flavors of Ubuntu – hardware specifications – previous commands rerunning – printing all-in-one (Print/Fax/Scan) devices commands location of directory sizes disk usage file contents – file sizes last lines of files – network printers CUPS GUI – LAN – online references server message block printing – troubleshooting – resource usage – server message block printing – sharing printers Samba – Ubuntu printer configurations prioritizing processes – scheduling priorities private clouds privileges administration privileges granting/revoking with PostgreSQL – root privileges – user accounts – /proc directory – procedural languages relational databases processes killing – listing – prioritizing – substituting processors Android mobile development productivity applications Celtx CrossOver Office defined gedit Heimer Kile LaTeX LibreOffice brief history of – components of – Office compatibility VBA LyX online references pdfedit Publican – Texmaker users (typical) Windows Wine XML Copy Editor productivity suites LibreOffice Office compatibility programming Android mobile development Android Runtime Android Studio Application Framework – applications ARM processors Google Play Linux kernels RISC processors Bikeshed – C – autoconf command – building programs – checking source code – configuring code – debugging tools – dependency checking – GCC – gdb command gprof command macros – makefile targets – makefiles – splint command – symbolic debugging tracking function time C++– autoconf command – building programs – checking source code – configuring code – debugging tools – dependency checking – GCC – gdb command gprof command macros – makefile targets – makefiles – splint command – symbolic debugging tracking function time Chaos Engineering CI/CD tools – GCC graphical development tools Eclipse Glade IDE – KDevelop Client – NetBeans Oracle JDeveloper SDK Visual Studio Code Java programming JVM OpenJDK – languages – Ada Clojure – COBOL – D Dart Elixir Elm Erlang Forth Fortran Go – Groovy Haskell Java – JavaScript Kotlin – Lisp Lua Mono – OCaml online references – Perl PHP Python Raku Ruby – Rust Scala Scratch – Vala online references – snap packages – software project management Bazaar – Git – Subversion – Ubuntu Make version control systems – promiscuous mode (NIC) proxy servers defined – Squid – ACL – configuring – configuring clients – installing online references specifying client IP addresses – ps command – psql command public clouds Publican – PulseAudio Puppet – /pwd command PXE boot process Python Q QA Bug Squad online references Ubuntu QA Teams – Qmail – .qt files quotas (disk) configuring implementing – managing R Radiance RAID arrays Raku RAM disk images (kernels) creating RARP .raw files Raymond Eric – rcp command RDP VirtualBox rebooting systems – recompiling kernels – recording/editing sound Ardour Audacity Cecilia LMMS Mixxx Rosegarden recovery data GRUB boot loaders restoring – saving files from nonbooting hard disks Ubuntu Rescue disc disaster recovery plans – recovery mode (GRUB) reddit.com redirecting input/output of commands – Redis references (online) Apache web server BIND boot process – cloud computing command line containers desktop environments DNS file sharing games HTTP servers Internet connections – kernels – LDAP Linux multimedia applications MySQL network printers networks – Nginx web server NoSQL databases – online references performance tuning – PostgreSQL programming – programming languages – QA remote access – security – sets of servers shell scripts software management sound Squid system monitoring system resource management testing Ubuntu Ubuntu development user accounts virtualization VPN Wayland web browsers web server stacks X server regular expressions comparisons of expressions – file operators – – logical operators numeric comparisons – – strings – – directories reinstalling GRUB – Ubuntu REISUB polite system resets – relational databases DBA – graphical database clients MySQL ACID compliance – command line client – configuring – creating databases – data integrity – data locking database access – inserting data into tables mysql command mysqladmin command mysqldump command MySQLGUI online references PostgreSQL versus – procedural languages retrieving data from tables – root user passwords speed SQL subqueries stored procedures triggers operation of – PostgreSQL ACID compliance – command line client – configuring creating database users – creating databases data integrity – data locking database access – deleting database users granting/revoking privileges – initializing data directories MySQL versus – online references pgAdmin procedural languages retrieving data from tables speed SQL subqueries stored procedures triggers SQL – creating tables – inserting data into tables – remote access copying files between machines – Guacamole key-based logins – online references – SSH server – VNC – remote computers command line logins – rename command renaming files/folders repeat statements repeatedly running jobs – repeating text – repositories software repositories configuring – Ubuntu repositories compiling software – Require directive (Apache web server) rerunning previous commands – resetting systems polite system resets – resources assessing backup strategies – usage printing – restoring files from archives – GRUB boot loaders – retrieving data from SQL tables – revoking/granting privileges PostgreSQL – Rhythmbox music application Riak ripping audio RISC processors rm command – – rmdir command – rmmod command root accounts – – root privileges – root prompt dangers of working in root user accounts – root zones Rosegarden rotating log files – route command routers rsync command – rtcwake command – Ruby – runlevels – Runtime (Android) runtime servers Apache web server apache.conf files – configuring – DirectoryIndex directive DocumentRoot directive GID Group directive Listen directive ServerAdmin directive ServerName directive – ServerRoot directive UID User directive UserDir directive Rust S SaaS SaltStack – Samba configuring /etc/samba/smb.conf files – installing – mounting – sharing home directories – printers – smbclient command smbd daemon starting/stopping – smbstatus command testing saving files from nonbooting hard disks /sbin directory Scala scanners scheduling backups full backups on a periodic basis – priorities tasks automating tasks with scripts – for later – running jobs repeatedly – waking computers from sleep – Scorched D – scp command – Scratch – screen images capturing Screen section (xorg.conf files) – script kiddies scripting autocracking scripts automating tasks – break statements case statements – Celtx comparisons of expressions – file operators – – logical operators numeric comparisons – – strings – – confining to directories – endless loops – executing scripts – exit statements expr statements for statements – functions – if statements – interpreting scripts through specific shells – new shell programs – online references positional arguments positional parameters accessing/retrieving variables example of – repeat statements select statements shift statements special shell characters ` special shell character " – ' special shell character backslash – list of – storing scripts for system-wide access strings with embedded spaces resolving – variables accessing values accessing/retrieving with positional parameters assigning values built-in variables – unexpanded variables while statements writing scripts – Scylla SDK searches DNS search orders input strings – security access control Apache web server – Apache web server AppArmor – applications – attacks – autocracking scripts crackers external attacks – hackers internal attacks – script kiddies viruses war driving worms authentication Apache web server – PAM – brute-forcing – checklist configuring – devices disaster recovery plans – encrypted files firewalls – iptables nftables UFW – genprof kernels nftables NIC online references – passwords – brute-forcing – changing in batches – MySQL root users password files – shadow passwords – system password policies Ubuntu installations user accounts physical security – proxy servers. See also Squid – spoofing attacks Tripwire – UFW – viruses VPN – configuring clients – configuring servers – online references vulnerability assessments – wireless networks – sed text editor – select statements SELinux semistructured data sequence running commands in – ServerAdmin directive (Apache web server) ServerLayout section (xorg.conf files) ServerName directive (Apache web server) – ServerRoot directive (Apache web server) servers Apache web server access control configuring – – development of – file system authentication – .htaccess configuration files – HTTPS – installing logging – modules – MPM – online references overview of runtime servers – security – starting/stopping – threads virtual hosting – DHCP servers – DNS servers – – enterprise servers monitoring – FQDN HTTP servers Caddy Cherokee – Jetty lighttpd – online references thttpd – Tomcat Wildfly Yaws LDAP servers configuring message block printing – name servers – NFS servers – Nginx web server – building sources – configuring – HTTPS – installing – modules online references PHP – uninstalling virtual hosting – proxy servers defined. See also Squid – runtime servers Apache web server – sets of servers managing Ansible CFEngine Chef Juju Landscape online references Puppet – SaltStack – Squid – ACL – configuring – configuring clients – installing online references specifying client IP addresses – SSH server configuring – copying files between machines – ftp command key-based logins – scp command – sftp command ssh-keygen command – VPN servers configuring – web servers CK problem – event handlers – threads X server /usr directory benefits of – components of – display manager display managers distributed processing – online references starting terminal clients – window manager – xorg.conf files – server stacks LAMP – LEMP MEAN online references services boot process controlling running services – starting/stopping services – Startup Applications Preferences /etc/services files microservice architectures naming services – units listing session writing DVD creation set group ID permissions (suid) – set user ID permissions (suid) – sets of servers managing Ansible CFEngine Chef Juju Landscape online references Puppet – SaltStack – sftp command sgid permissions – shadow passwords – shared data /usr directory sharing files/folders NFS – online references Samba – home directories with Samba – printers Samba – Ubuntu desktops shells. See also command line ash bash – changing command line – background processes pattern-matching piping commands dash defined – expressions GNOME Shell – ksh Linux local bash shells configuring new shell programs – pdcsh pdksh comparisons of expressions – scripting ` special shell character " – ' special shell character automating tasks – backslash – break statements case statements – comparisons of expressions – endless loops – executing scripts – exit statements expr statements functions – if statements – interpreting through specific shells – new shell programs – online references positional arguments positional parameters – repeat statements resolving strings with embedded spaces – select statements shift statements special shell characters – for statements – storing scripts for system-wide access until statements variables – – while statements writing scripts – tcsh – types of – zsh shift statements shortcuts commands Shotcut Shotwell Photo Manager Show Applications icon (GNOME) shred command shutdown command – shutting down systems – Ubuntu – SignalFX similarities in files finding – simple backup strategies Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) Simple Scan sleep waking computers from – small enterprises backup strategies small offices backup strategies smart gateways smbclient command smbd daemon starting/stopping smbstatus command snap packages – SnapCraft Snappy package manager – Snappy Playpen snaps Snappy package manager – SOA records – soft links. See symlinks software backup software – bundles Snappy package manager – compiling from source – from tarballs – from Ubuntu repositories – DHCP software installing/configuring – finding with APT – free/open-source software MS Office compatibility libraries Android mobile development Linux distributions included software – management tools APT – apt-get – compiling software – configuration management – online references Software Updater – Synaptic – Ubuntu Software open-source/free software MS Office compatibility project management Bazaar – Git – Subversion – repositories configuring – Snappy package manager – updating – Software Updater – – sort command – sorting file contents – sound ALSA CD/DVD burning applications Brasero Linux command line CD creation – Linux command line DVD creation – Ubuntu support converting files .flac files .mp files .mp files music applications Banshee Rhythmbox Sound Juicer .ogg files online references OSS PulseAudio recording/editing Ardour Audacity Cecilia LMMS Mixxx Rosegarden recording/editing applications sound ripping audio sound cards – sox command UNIX and – .wav files Sound Juicer source compiling software from – source tree (kernels) – sources (kernels) obtaining – sox command spaces embedded spaces resolving strings with – as special shell characters Spamassassin special characters & operator – && operators combining commands * special shell character \ special shell character – ` special shell character [ ] special shell character [a z] special shell character [a-z] special shell character [az] special shell character $ $? built-in variable $ special shell character $# built-in variable $* built-in variable $ built-in variable ! ! operator – != operator < special shell character << operator << special shell character > special shell character >> special shell character | (pipe) special shell character | | operator # special shell character ? special shell character " special shell character – ' special shell character speed relational databases Speed Dreams splint command – Splunk spoofing attacks SQL – != operator MySQL ACID compliance – command line client – configuring – creating databases – data integrity – data locking database access – inserting data into tables mysql command mysqladmin command mysqldump command MySQLGUI online references PostgreSQL versus – procedural languages retrieving data from tables – root user passwords speed SQL subqueries stored procedures triggers NoSQL databases PostgreSQL ACID compliance – command line client – configuring creating database users – creating databases data integrity – data locking database access – deleting database users granting/revoking privileges – initializing data directories MySQL versus – online references pgAdmin procedural languages retrieving data from tables speed SQL subqueries stored procedures triggers subqueries tables creating – inserting data – Squid – ACL – client IP addresses – configuring – – installing online references Squirrelmail SSH database access – ssh command SSH keys SSH server configuring SSH server – copying files between machines – ftp command key-based logins – scp command – sftp command ssh-keygen command – ssh-keygen command – stacks LAMP – LEMP MEAN online references standard input/output of commands starting/stopping Apache web server – NFS services – smbd daemon – VM Startup Applications Preferences statements break statements case statements – exit statements expr statements for statements – if statements – repeat statements select statements shift statements for statements – until statements while statements statistics user usage stderr command – stdin command – stdout command – Steam stereotypes users sticky bit permissions – stopping/starting Apache web server – NFS services – smbd daemon – VM storage backups cloud storage external hard drives NAS network storage tape drive backups disks performance tuning drives Ubuntu installations temporary file storage /tmp directories stored procedures MySQL relational databases strings command substitution comparisons – – with embedded spaces resolving – input strings searches – su command – subnet masks – subnetting – subqueries (SQL) relational databases substitute user accounts – substituting commands processes Subversion software project management – sudo command – – – – sudoers command suid permissions – super user accounts – – – – SuperTux – support Ubuntu online references .svg files switches symbolic debugging symbols. See also wildcard characters & operator background processes running – special shell character VirtualBox commands && operators combining commands * special shell character \ special shell character – ` special shell character [ ] special shell character [a z] special shell character [a-z] special shell character [az] special shell character $ $? built-in variable $ special shell character $# built-in variable $* built-in variable $ built-in variable ! ! operator – != operator < special shell character << operator << special shell character > special shell character >> special shell character | (pipe) special shell character | | operator # special shell character ? special shell character " special shell character – ' special shell character symlinks – Synaptic – synchronizing filesystems Sysadmin DevOps versus – sysctl command – sysrq.txt files System Monitor system resource management APT apt-get versus – day-to-day usage – finding software – apt-get APT versus – compiling software from source – from tarballs – from Ubuntu repositories – configuration management dotdee – Snappy package manager – Ubuntu Core online references Software Updater – Synaptic – Ubuntu Software system settings Ubuntu settings configuring – system user accounts – systemd command – service-related commands – state-related commands targets – systems administration privileges listing information – management tools Conky – gnome-nettool System Monitor vncviewer Wireshark monitoring checking log files – Conky – console-based monitoring – disk quotas displaying free hard disk space – displaying used memory enterprise servers – graphical process tools – KDE monitoring tools killing processes – online references priority scheduling rotating log files – system management tools – System Monitor user activity – password policies polite resets – rebooting – rescue restoring GRUB boot loaders – saving files from nonbooting hard disks Ubuntu Rescue disc shutting down – storing shell scripts for system-wide access SystemV runlevels – T tables (SQL) creating – inserting data – tail command – tape drive backups tar command compressed files copying files – encrypted files full backups – incremental backups – restoring files from archives – tarballs compiling software from – tasks scheduling automating tasks with scripts – for later – running jobs repeatedly – waking computers from sleep – tcpdump command TCP/IP networking addressing – IP masquerading – ports – tcsh comparisons of expressions file operators – logical operators numeric comparisons – strings – temporary file storage /tmp directories terminals. See also command line clients X server – multiple terminal operation byobu – testing online references Samba Ubuntu community teams – Ubuntu Testing Teams testparm command TeX documents Kile LaTeX LyX Texmaker Texmaker text editors awk – emacs – gedit kate kedit nano – sed – vi – vim repeating – text-based logins command line – threads thttpd – thumb drives Ubuntu installations – Thunderbird LDAP client configuration .tif files time warps time/date settings date command hwclock command – Ubuntu – TLD – /tmp directories Token Ring networking Tomcat top command – Totem Movie Player touch command – traceroute command checking Internet connections traceroute command checking Internet connections triggers relational databases Tripwire – troubleshooting boot process – bugs Bug Squad Ubuntu development – Internet connections – kernels – network printers – networks connections runlevels sudo command – Ubuntu bootups – post-configuration problems – tunefs command – Tuned Project – TXT records type name command U Ubuntu -bit Ubuntu – -bit Ubuntu – Android mobile development Android Runtime Android Studio Application Framework – applications ARM processors Google Play Linux kernels RISC processors bash Bikeshed – bootups troubleshooting – Budgie business applications – C programming autoconf command – building programs – checking source code – configuring code – debugging tools – dependency checking – GCC – gdb command gprof command macros – makefile targets – makefiles – splint command – symbolic debugging tracking function time C++ programming autoconf command – building programs – checking source code – configuring code – debugging tools – dependency checking – GCC – gdb command gprof command macros – makefile targets – makefiles – splint command – symbolic debugging tracking function time CD/DVD burning applications Chaos Engineering CI/CD tools – cloud computing AWS Azure considerations for using Google Cloud hybrid clouds – IaaS install instructions Juju – Landscape MaaS Mojo OpenStack – PaaS private clouds public clouds reasons for using – SaaS Ubuntu Cloud VM configuring date/time settings – power management – system settings – troubleshooting post-configuration problems – wireless networks database commands date/time settings – desktop environments changing desktops sharing development Bazaar code packaging – fixing bugs – GPG keys – introduction to – Launchpad – – local bash shells online references packages – – pbuilder SSH keys digital cameras distributions versions of documentation dual-boot systems DVD/CD burning applications finding files/folders graphical development tools Eclipse Glade IDE – KDevelop Client – NetBeans Oracle JDeveloper SDK Visual Studio Code home applications installing -bit Ubuntu – -bit Ubuntu – backups boot loaders – downloading updates during installation dual-boot systems DVD installations – erasing hard disks during installation flavors of Ubuntu – language selection – Mac hardware compatibility partitions password creation preinstallation process – researching hardware specifications – storage drives UEFI USB thumb drive installations – Java programming JVM OpenJDK – kernels – Kylin MATE – networks connectivity commands ports printers – Nginx web server installations online references partitions installing passwords power management configuring – preinstallation process – flavors of Ubuntu – researching hardware specifications – printers configuring proxy servers. See Squid QA Bug Squad Ubuntu QA Teams – reinstalling repositories compiling software – root prompt dangers of working in scanners shutting down – snap packages – SnapCraft Snappy Playpen software project management Bazaar – Git – Subversion – software repositories configuring – Software Updater – storage drives Ubuntu installations sudo command – system settings configuring – testing community teams – Ubuntu Testing Teams troubleshooting post-configuration problems – Ubuntu Make Ubuntu Rescue disc updating first updates during installation software – user account management – version control systems – virtualization – bridged networks – KVM – VirtualBox – VM – web resources window managers changing wireless networks – X server – benefits of – components of – display manager display managers distributed processing – online references starting terminal clients – /usr directory window manager – xorg.conf files – Ubuntu Budgie Ubuntu Core Ubuntu Kylin Ubuntu MATE – Ubuntu QA Teams – Ubuntu Software Ubuntu Testing Teams ubuntu-restricted-extras UEFI boot process – Ubuntu installations ufw command UFW configuring – UID unexpanded variables maintaining unicast addressing uninstalling Nginx web server Unison units (services) listing UNIX backup levels CUPS GUI network printers – sound – UnQL until statements updating software – Software Updater – Ubuntu first updates installations downloading updates during installation Software Updater – uplink ports uptime command usage statistics user accounts USB digital cameras thumb drives Ubuntu installations – used memory displaying user accounts – adding accounts – administration privileges BOFH changing identities – creating – deleting disk quotas managing – file permissions GID group management finding groups listing groups – tools – locking users out of accounts lusers monitoring user activity – online references passwords changing in batches – password files – shadow passwords – system password policies privileges – root privileges – root user accounts – stereotypes substitute user accounts – super user accounts – – – – system user accounts – tools – Ubuntu commands – UID usernames User directive (Apache web server) user directories user variables useradd command useradd -D command useradd -G command UserDir directive (Apache web server) usermod command usermod -G command users productivity suites /usr directory shared data X server UTP cabling ==V== * [[Vala
• values assigning to variables
• /var directory
• variable data files /var directory
• variables
• built-in variables
• environment variables –
• shell scripts
• accessing values
• accessing/retrieving variables
• assigning values
• resolving strings with embedded spaces
• unexpanded variables maintaining
• user variables
• VBA LibreOffice and Office compatibility
• version control
• configuration files
• systems
• vi text editor
• video
• .avi files
• dvd+rw-tools
• DVD/CD burning applications
• Brasero
• Linux command line CD creation
• Linux command line DVD creation
• Ubuntu support
• editing
• Avidemux
• Blender
• Cinelerra
• DaVinci Resolve
• Kdenlive
• Lightworks
• OpenShot Video Editor
• PiTiVi
• Shotcut
• .flv files
• .mov files
• .mpeg files
• .ogv/.ogg files
• .qt files
• Totem Movie Player
• ubuntu-restricted-extras
• video drivers (proprietary) installing
• viewing
• in Linux
• video formats
• VLC
• .webm files
• viewing
• command history
• default file permissions
• video
• in Linux
• video formats
• vim text editor
• vimtutor command
• virt-clone
• virt-install
• virtual hosting
• Apache web server
• Nginx web server
• VirtualBox
• virtualization
• bridged networks
• KVM
• online references
• VirtualBox
• VM –
• connections
• copying
• starting
• stopping
• virt-clone
• virt-install
• vmbuilder
• VMware
• Xen
• virus scanners email
• viruses
• Visual Studio Code
• visudo command
• VLC
• VM
• connections
• copying
• KVM
• starting
• stopping
• virt-clone
• vmbuilder
• vmstat command
• VMware
• VNC
• vncviewer
• VPN
• configuring
• clients
• servers
• servers online references
• vulnerability assessments]

• waking computers from sleep
• war driving
• Warsow
• .wav files
• Wayland
• web browsers
• Chrome
• Chromium
• database access
• Firefox
• online references
• .webm files
• web resources
• Apache web server
• backups
• BIND
• boot process
• cloud computing
• command line
• containers
• desktop environments
• DNS
• file sharing
• games
• HTTP servers
• kernels
• LDAP
• Linux
• multimedia applications
• MySQL
• network printers
• networks
• Nginx web server
• NoSQL databases
• performance tuning
• PostgreSQL
• programming
• programming languages
• QA
• remote access
• security
• sets of servers
• shell scripts
• software management
• sound
• Squid
• system monitoring
• system resource management
• testing
• Ubuntu
• Ubuntu development
• user accounts
• virtualization
• VPN
• Wayland
• web browsers
• web server stacks
• X server
• web server stacks
• LAMP
• LEMP
• MEAN
• online references
• web servers
• Apache web server
• access control
• configuring –
• development of
• file system authentication
• .htaccess configuration files –
• HTTPS
• installing
• logging
• modules
• MPM
• online references
• overview of
• runtime servers
• security
• starting/stopping
• threads
• virtual hosting
• CK problem
• event handlers
• Nginx web server
• building sources
• configuring
• HTTPS
• installing
• modules
• online references
• PHP
• uninstalling
• virtual hosting
• threads
• wget command
• whatis command
• whereis command
• which command
• while statements
• wide column stores
• widgets
• wildcard characters. See also symbols
• commands and
• directories
• Wildfly
• window managers
• changing
• X server
• Windows
• CrossOver Office
• dual-boot systems
• games
• productivity applications
• Wine
• Wine
• wireless networks
• configuring
• interfaces
• security
• selecting protocols
• Ubuntu support
• Wireshark
• worms
• writing shell scripts
• WYGIWYW
• WYSIWYG

• X server
• benefits of
• components of
• display manager
• display managers
• distributed processing
• online references
• starting
• terminal clients
• /usr directory
• window manager
• xorg.conf files
• components of
• Device section
• Files section
• InputDevice section
• Module section
• Monitor section
• Screen section
• ServerLayout section
• Xara Xtreme
• xconfig command
• xDSL Internet access
• Xen
• Xfce
• XML
• DocBook Publican
• gedit
• Publican
• XML Copy Editor
• XML Copy Editor
• X.Org
• xorg.conf files
• components of
• Device section
• Files section
• InputDevice section
• Module section
• Monitor section
• Screen section
• ServerLayout section
• Xubuntu
• xz command

• YAML /etc/netplan/*.yaml files
• Yaws

• Zabbix
• zsh