Python `__call__` Special Method
In Python, the `__call__` special method allows instances of a class to be called as if they were functions. When an object implements the `__call__` method, it enables instances of that class to be invoked using the function call syntax, with parentheses `()`. This behavior provides a way to customize the behavior of instances beyond simple attribute access. By implementing `__call__`, developers can define custom actions or computations that occur when an instance is called, making instances of the class callable and providing more flexibility in their usage. This special method is particularly useful for creating callable objects that encapsulate behavior or maintain internal state, such as function-like objects, decorators, or context managers. Overall, `__call__` enhances the expressive power of Python classes and enables more advanced usage patterns in Python code.