Microtransactions
TLDR: Microtransactions are small in-game purchases that allow players to buy virtual goods, upgrades, or services within video games. Introduced widely in the early 2000s with the rise of free-to-play games, they have become a common revenue model for both mobile and console games. Microtransactions can enhance gameplay or cosmetics but have sparked debates over their impact on game design, player experience, and fairness.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microtransaction
Microtransactions come in various forms, including cosmetic items like skins or outfits, consumables such as health packs, and progression boosters that speed up in-game achievements. Games like FIFA Ultimate Team and Fortnite have capitalized on cosmetic microtransactions by offering premium items without impacting core gameplay. However, controversial models like loot boxes, where items are obtained randomly, have faced criticism for resembling gambling mechanics.
https://www.ea.com/games/fifa/ultimate-team
While microtransactions have enabled developers to sustain long-term content updates and lower upfront costs for players, they have also raised ethical concerns. Pay-to-win mechanics, where players can gain competitive advantages by spending money, are often criticized for creating disparities between paying and non-paying players. Despite the controversies, microtransactions remain a lucrative strategy, generating billions annually and shaping the modern gaming economy.
https://www.forbes.com/sites/games/2023/04/06/microtransactions-and-video-game-revenue/