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3.10.4

English Python Module Index

_ __future__ Future statement definitions __main__ The environment where top-level code is run. Covers command-line interfaces, import-time behavior, and ``__name__ == '__main__'``. _thread Low-level threading API.

• abc - Abstract base classes according to :pep:`3119`.
• aifc - Deprecated: Read and write audio files in AIFF or AIFC format.

argparse Command-line option and argument parsing library. array Space efficient arrays of uniformly typed numeric values. ast Abstract Syntax Tree classes and manipulation. asynchat Deprecated: Support for asynchronous command/response protocols. asyncio Asynchronous I/O. asyncore Deprecated: A base class for developing asynchronous socket handling services. atexit Register and execute cleanup functions. audioop Deprecated: Manipulate raw audio data.

b base64 RFC 4648: Base16, Base32, Base64 Data Encodings; Base85 and Ascii85 bdb Debugger framework. binascii Tools for converting between binary and various ASCII-encoded binary representations. binhex Encode and decode files in binhex4 format. bisect Array bisection algorithms for binary searching. builtins The module that provides the built-in namespace. bz2 Interfaces for bzip2 compression and decompression.

c calendar Functions for working with calendars, including some emulation of the Unix cal program. cgi Deprecated: Helpers for running Python scripts via the Common Gateway Interface. cgitb Deprecated: Configurable traceback handler for CGI scripts. chunk Deprecated: Module to read IFF chunks. cmath Mathematical functions for complex numbers. cmd Build line-oriented command interpreters. code Facilities to implement read-eval-print loops. codecs Encode and decode data and streams. codeop Compile (possibly incomplete) Python code. - collections Container datatypes colorsys Conversion functions between RGB and other color systems. compileall Tools for byte-compiling all Python source files in a directory tree. - concurrent configparser Configuration file parser. contextlib Utilities for with-statement contexts. contextvars Context Variables copy Shallow and deep copy operations. copyreg Register pickle support functions. cProfile crypt (Unix) Deprecated: The crypt() function used to check Unix passwords. csv Write and read tabular data to and from delimited files. ctypes A foreign function library for Python. - curses (Unix) An interface to the curses library, providing portable terminal handling.

d dataclasses Generate special methods on user-defined classes. datetime Basic date and time types. - dbm Interfaces to various Unix “database” formats. decimal Implementation of the General Decimal Arithmetic Specification. difflib Helpers for computing differences between objects. dis Disassembler for Python bytecode. - distutils Support for building and installing Python modules into an existing Python installation. doctest Test pieces of code within docstrings.

e - email Package supporting the parsing, manipulating, and generating email messages. - encodings ensurepip Bootstrapping the “pip” installer into an existing Python installation or virtual environment. enum Implementation of an enumeration class. errno Standard errno system symbols.

f faulthandler Dump the Python traceback. fcntl (Unix) The fcntl() and ioctl() system calls. filecmp Compare files efficiently. fileinput Loop over standard input or a list of files. fnmatch Unix shell style filename pattern matching. fractions Rational numbers. ftplib FTP protocol client (requires sockets). functools Higher-order functions and operations on callable objects.

g gc Interface to the cycle-detecting garbage collector. getopt Portable parser for command line options; support both short and long option names. getpass Portable reading of passwords and retrieval of the userid. gettext Multilingual internationalization services. glob Unix shell style pathname pattern expansion. graphlib Functionality to operate with graph-like structures grp (Unix) The group database (getgrnam() and friends). gzip Interfaces for gzip compression and decompression using file objects.

h hashlib Secure hash and message digest algorithms. heapq Heap queue algorithm (a.k.a. priority queue). hmac Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication (HMAC) implementation - html Helpers for manipulating HTML. - http HTTP status codes and messages

i imaplib IMAP4 protocol client (requires sockets). imghdr Deprecated: Determine the type of image contained in a file or byte stream. imp Deprecated: Access the implementation of the import statement. - importlib The implementation of the import machinery. inspect Extract information and source code from live objects. io Core tools for working with streams. ipaddress IPv4/IPv6 manipulation library. itertools Functions creating iterators for efficient looping.

j - json Encode and decode the JSON format.

k keyword Test whether a string is a keyword in Python.

l lib2to3 The 2to3 library linecache Provides random access to individual lines from text files. locale Internationalization services. - logging Flexible event logging system for applications. lzma A Python wrapper for the liblzma compression library.

m mailbox Manipulate mailboxes in various formats mailcap Mailcap file handling. marshal Convert Python objects to streams of bytes and back (with different constraints). math Mathematical functions (sin() etc.). mimetypes Mapping of filename extensions to MIME types. mmap Interface to memory-mapped files for Unix and Windows. modulefinder Find modules used by a script. msilib (Windows) Deprecated: Creation of Microsoft Installer files, and CAB files. msvcrt (Windows) Miscellaneous useful routines from the MS VC++ runtime. - multiprocessing Process-based parallelism.

n netrc Loading of .netrc files. nis (Unix) Deprecated: Interface to Sun's NIS (Yellow Pages) library. nntplib Deprecated: NNTP protocol client (requires sockets). numbers Numeric abstract base classes (Complex, Real, Integral, etc.).

o operator Functions corresponding to the standard operators. optparse Deprecated: Command-line option parsing library. - os Miscellaneous operating system interfaces. ossaudiodev (Linux, FreeBSD) Deprecated: Access to OSS-compatible audio devices.

p pathlib Object-oriented filesystem paths pdb The Python debugger for interactive interpreters. pickle Convert Python objects to streams of bytes and back. pickletools Contains extensive comments about the pickle protocols and pickle-machine opcodes, as well as some useful functions. pipes (Unix) Deprecated: A Python interface to Unix shell pipelines. pkgutil Utilities for the import system. platform Retrieves as much platform identifying data as possible. plistlib Generate and parse Apple plist files. poplib POP3 protocol client (requires sockets). posix (Unix) The most common POSIX system calls (normally used via module os). pprint Data pretty printer. profile Python source profiler. pstats Statistics object for use with the profiler. pty (Unix) Pseudo-Terminal Handling for Unix. pwd (Unix) The password database (getpwnam() and friends). py_compile Generate byte-code files from Python source files. pyclbr Supports information extraction for a Python module browser. pydoc Documentation generator and online help system.

q queue A synchronized queue class. quopri Encode and decode files using the MIME quoted-printable encoding.

r random Generate pseudo-random numbers with various common distributions. re Regular expression operations. readline (Unix) GNU readline support for Python. reprlib Alternate repr() implementation with size limits. resource (Unix) An interface to provide resource usage information on the current process. rlcompleter Python identifier completion, suitable for the GNU readline library. runpy Locate and run Python modules without importing them first.

s sched General purpose event scheduler. secrets Generate secure random numbers for managing secrets. select Wait for I/O completion on multiple streams. selectors High-level I/O multiplexing. shelve Python object persistence. shlex Simple lexical analysis for Unix shell-like languages. shutil High-level file operations, including copying. signal Set handlers for asynchronous events. site Module responsible for site-specific configuration. smtpd Deprecated: A SMTP server implementation in Python. smtplib SMTP protocol client (requires sockets). sndhdr Deprecated: Determine type of a sound file. socket Low-level networking interface. socketserver A framework for network servers. spwd (Unix) Deprecated: The shadow password database (getspnam() and friends). sqlite3 A DB-API 2.0 implementation using SQLite 3.x. ssl TLS/SSL wrapper for socket objects stat Utilities for interpreting the results of os.stat(), os.lstat() and os.fstat(). statistics Mathematical statistics functions string Common string operations. stringprep String preparation, as per RFC 3453 struct Interpret bytes as packed binary data. subprocess Subprocess management. sunau Deprecated: Provide an interface to the Sun AU sound format. symtable Interface to the compiler's internal symbol tables. sys Access system-specific parameters and functions. sysconfig Python's configuration information syslog (Unix) An interface to the Unix syslog library routines.

t tabnanny Tool for detecting white space related problems in Python source files in a directory tree. tarfile Read and write tar-format archive files. telnetlib Deprecated: Telnet client class. tempfile Generate temporary files and directories. termios (Unix) POSIX style tty control. - test Regression tests package containing the testing suite for Python. textwrap Text wrapping and filling threading Thread-based parallelism. time Time access and conversions. timeit Measure the execution time of small code snippets. - tkinter Interface to Tcl/Tk for graphical user interfaces token Constants representing terminal nodes of the parse tree. tokenize Lexical scanner for Python source code. trace Trace or track Python statement execution. traceback Print or retrieve a stack traceback. tracemalloc Trace memory allocations. tty (Unix) Utility functions that perform common terminal control operations. turtle An educational framework for simple graphics applications turtledemo A viewer for example turtle scripts types Names for built-in types. typing Support for type hints (see :pep:`484`).

u unicodedata Access the Unicode Database. - unittest Unit testing framework for Python. - urllib uu Deprecated: Encode and decode files in uuencode format. uuid UUID objects (universally unique identifiers) according to RFC 4122

v venv Creation of virtual environments.

w warnings Issue warning messages and control their disposition. wave Provide an interface to the WAV sound format. weakref Support for weak references and weak dictionaries. webbrowser Easy-to-use controller for web browsers. winreg (Windows) Routines and objects for manipulating the Windows registry. winsound (Windows) Access to the sound-playing machinery for Windows. - wsgiref WSGI Utilities and Reference Implementation.

x xdrlib Deprecated: Encoders and decoders for the External Data Representation (XDR). - xml Package containing XML processing modules - xmlrpc

z zipapp Manage executable Python zip archives zipfile Read and write ZIP-format archive files. zipimport Support for importing Python modules from ZIP archives. zlib Low-level interface to compression and decompression routines compatible with gzip. zoneinfo IANA time zone support

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Last updated on Mar 27, 2022. Found a bug?

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