Heap (programming)
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- Snippet from Wikipedia: Memory management
Memory management is a form of resource management applied to computer memory. The essential requirement of memory management is to provide ways to dynamically allocate portions of memory to programs at their request, and free it for reuse when no longer needed. This is critical to any advanced computer system where more than a single process might be underway at any time.
Several methods have been devised that increase the effectiveness of memory management. Virtual memory systems separate the memory addresses used by a process from actual physical addresses, allowing separation of processes and increasing the size of the virtual address space beyond the available amount of RAM using paging or swapping to secondary storage. The quality of the virtual memory manager can have an extensive effect on overall system performance. The system allows a computer to appear as if it may have more memory available than physically present, thereby allowing multiple processes to share it.
In some operating systems, e.g. OS/360 and successors, memory is managed by the operating system. In other operating systems, e.g. Unix-like operating systems, memory is managed at the application level.
Memory management within an address space is generally categorized as either manual memory management or automatic memory management.
Data Structures: Array, Linked List, Stack, Queue, Binary Tree, Binary Search Tree, Heap, Hash Table, Graph, Trie, Skip List, Red-Black Tree, AVL Tree, B-Tree, B+ Tree, Splay Tree, Fibonacci Heap, Disjoint Set, Adjacency Matrix, Adjacency List, Circular Linked List, Doubly Linked List, Priority Queue, Dynamic Array, Bloom Filter, Segment Tree, Fenwick Tree, Cartesian Tree, Rope, Suffix Array, Suffix Tree, Ternary Search Tree, Radix Tree, Quadtree, Octree, KD Tree, Interval Tree, Sparse Table, Union-Find, Min-Max Heap, Binomial Heap, And-Or Graph, Bit Array, Bitmask, Circular Buffer, Concurrent Data Structures, Content Addressable Memory, Deque, Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG), Edge List, Eulerian Path and Circuit, Expression Tree, Huffman Tree, Immutable Data Structure, Indexable Skip List, Inverted Index, Judy Array, K-ary Tree, Lattice, Linked Hash Map, Linked Hash Set, List, Matrix, Merkle Tree, Multimap, Multiset, Nested Data Structure, Object Pool, Pairing Heap, Persistent Data Structure, Quad-edge, Queue (Double-ended), R-Tree, Radix Sort Tree, Range Tree, Record, Ring Buffer, Scene Graph, Scapegoat Tree, Soft Heap, Sparse Matrix, Spatial Index, Stack (Min/Max), Suffix Automaton, Threaded Binary Tree, Treap, Triple Store, Turing Machine, Unrolled Linked List, Van Emde Boas Tree, Vector, VList, Weak Heap, Weight-balanced Tree, X-fast Trie, Y-fast Trie, Z-order, Zero-suppressed Decision Diagram, Zigzag Tree
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Abstract Data Types: Container (data structure), List (abstract data type), Tuple, Associative array (also called Map, Multimap, Set (abstract data type), Multiset (abstract data type) (also called Multiset (bag)), Stack (abstract data type), Queue (abstract data type), (e.g. Priority queue), Double-ended queue, Graph (data structure) (e.g. Tree (data structure), Heap (data structure))
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