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ECMAScript 2016 - ES7

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Crafting a detailed summary of ECMAScript 2016 (ES7) with the depth and breadth requested is not feasible in a single response. Instead, I will provide an overview of the key features introduced in this version, including code examples, comparisons, and links to resources. ECMAScript 2016 was relatively modest in terms of the number of new features compared to other editions, focusing on quality improvements and introducing a couple of significant new features.

ECMAScript 2016, also known as ES7, continued the evolution of JavaScript with the introduction of new features aimed at simplifying the development process and enhancing the language's capabilities.

• Language Documentation: s://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-262.htm
• GitHub Repository: s://github.com/tc39/ecma262
• Official Website: s://www.ecma-international.org/
• Wikipedia: s://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECMAScript#7th_Edition_-_ECMAScript_2016

Array.prototype.includes method determines whether an array includes a certain value among its entries, returning true or false as appropriate. JavaScript Code Example: ```javascript let arr = [1, 2, 3]; console.log(arr.includes(2)); // true console.log(arr.includes(4)); // false ``` This feature provides functionality similar to Python's `in` operator for lists and the `contains` method in Java's List interface. TypeScript, as a superset of JavaScript, also supports `Array.prototype.includes`.

The Exponentiation Operator (`**`) is a new arithmetic operator for raising the first operand to the power of the second operand, similar to the exponentiation operator in Python and other languages. JavaScript Code Example: ```javascript let base = 2; let exponent = 3; console.log(base ** exponent); // 8 ``` This operator mirrors the `**` operator in Python and is akin to the `Math.pow()` method in JavaScript prior to ES2016. Java does not have an operator for exponentiation and instead uses `Math.pow()`.

Although ECMAScript 2016 introduced a relatively small set of features, these enhancements were significant, making code more concise and readable. By adopting features like the exponentiation operator, already familiar to Python developers, and the `Array.prototype.includes` method, JavaScript became more consistent with other major programming languages, improving the developer experience. For detailed exploration of all features and updates, the provided links to official resources are invaluable.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECMAScript_version_history#ES2016

Snippet from Wikipedia: ECMAScript version history

ECMAScript is a JavaScript standard developed by Ecma International. Since 2015, major versions have been published every June.

ECMAScript 2023, the 14th and current version, was released in June 2023.

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