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Chinese Character Cognates in Korean - Top 100+
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Character Set 001-101
勢 ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧ ⑨ ⑩
001: []一 (26849x)
one, a, an
C J K
[]一 1
[]一 1
[]一 1
① []一人: yìrén ① []一人: いちにん ① []一人: 일인
② []一生: yìshēng ② []一生: いっしょう ② []一生: 일생
③ []一般: yìbān ③ []一般: いっぱん ③ []一般: 일반
① one person, one man ② a lifetime, one's life ③ general, common, ordinary
A simple ideogram depicting a felled log or bamboo plant on its side, meaning the numerical value 'one'.
002: 七 (2520x)
seven, VII
C J K
[]一 2
[]一 2
[]一 2
① 七月: qīyuè ① 七月: しちがつ ① 七月: 칠월
② 七[]一: qīyī ③ 七星: しちせい ③ 七星: 칠성 ④ 七情: qīqíng ④ 七情: しちじょう ④ 七情: 칠정
① July ② 1 July 1921, Communist Party founding day ③ The Big Dipper, The Plow ④ The Seven E[[motions]] (joy: 喜, anger: 怒, grief: 悲, melancholy: 憂, shock: 驚, compassion: 思, fear: 恐)
A simple ideogram depicting the felling of a tree with a saw, but when the character took on the meaning of 'seven', another character (切) was created to stand in for the original meaning by adding 'knife (刀)'.
003: 三 (14010x)
three, III
C J K
[]一 3
[]一 3
[]一 3
① 三角: sānjiǎo ① 三角: さんかく ① 三角形: 삼각형
② 三字经: sānzìjīng ③ 三振: さんしん ② 三字經: 삼자경
④ 三国志: sānguózhì ④ 三国志: さんごくし ④ 三國志: 삼국지
① triangle, three-cornered figure ② Three Character Classic, Trimetric Classic ③ strikeout ④ The Three Kingdoms
A simple ideogram depicting three felled logs or bamboo plants, meaning the numerical value 'three'.
004: 上 (11090x)
C J K
[]一 3
[]一 3
[]一 3
① 上海: shànghǎi ① 上海: シャンハイ ① 上海: 상해
② 上帝: shàngdì ② 上帝:じょうてい ② 上帝: 상제
③ 零上: língshàng ④ 向上: こうじょう ③ 零上: 영상
① Shanghai ② God, creator deity, King of Heaven (Taoism) ③ above freezing, above 0℃ ④ rise, elevation, improvement, advancement
A simple ideogram, meaning that something (⺊) is above or higher than a certain given standard ([]一).
005: 下 (6723x)
C J K
[]一 3
[]一 3
[]一 3
① 下跌: xiàdiē ① 下落: げらく ① 下落: 하락
③ 零下: língxià ③ 零下: れいか ③ 零下: 영하
① fall, decline ② basement, underground ③ sub-zero, below 0℃
A simple ideogram depicting that something is under or below (卜) a certain given standard ([]一).
006: 不 (33626x)
no, not
C J K
① 不幸: búxìng ① 不幸: ふこう ① 不幸: 불행
② 不当: búdàng ② 不当: ふとう ② 不當: 부당
③ 不动产: búdòngchǎn ③ 不動産: ふどうさん ③ 不動產: 부동산
① unhappy, misery ② unfair, unjust ③ real estate, immobilier
A pictogram depicting a bird far in the distant sky, later coming to be used as a negative infinitive, meaning 'not' or 'no'.
007: 世 (7413x)
C J K
[]一 5
[]一 5
[]一 5
① 世上: shìshàng ① 世上: せじょう ① 世上: 세상
② 世界: shìjiè ② 世界: せかい ② 世界: 세계
③ 世代: shìdài ③ 世代: せだい ③ 世代: 세대
① world, earth ② global, universe, world, society ③ generation, age
A compound ideogram depicting leaves on a tree branch, originally meaning 'many', then 'one human generation' or thirty years, before changing form during the Regular Script period and coming to mean 'world'.
008: 中 (13028x)
C J K
丨 4
丨 4
丨 4
① 中国: zhōngguó ① 中国: ちゅうごく ① 中國: 중국
② 中心: zhōngxīn ② 中心: ちゅうしん ② 中心: 중심
③ 中庸: zhōngyōng ③ 中庸: ちゅうよう ③ 中庸: 중용
① China, the Middle Kingdom ② center, central, core ③ golden mean, middle path, Doctrine of the Mean (one of the Four Books 四書)
A simple ideogram from the practice of hoisting a flag in the middle of a square as a marker, meaning 'center'.
009: 主 (2634x)
C J K
丶 5
丶 5
丶 5
① 主人: zhǔrén ① 主人: しゅじん ① 主人: 주인
② 主张: zhǔzhāng ② 主張: しゅちょう ② 主張: 주장
③ 主权: zhǔquán ③ 主権: しゅけん ③ 主權: 주권
① owner, landlord ② claim, insist, assert ③ sovereignty
A pictogram depicting a burning wick in a lantern, later coming to mean 'owner' or 'master'.
010: 久 (798x)
C J K
丿 3
丿 3
丿 3
① 永久: yǒngjiǔ ① 永久: えいきゅう ① 永久: 영구
② 持久: chíjiǔ ② 持久: じきゅう ② 持久: 지구
③ 久久: jiǔjiǔ ③ 久久: ひさびさ ③ 久久: 구구
① eternal, perpetual, permanent ② endurance, persistence, staying power ③ in a long long time, long long time ago
A pictogram of a man whose leg is tied and pulled from behind to prevent fast forward motion, meaning 'takes time'.
011: 乘 (4128x)
ride, mount
C J K
丿 10
丿 9
丿 10
① 乘客: c[[héng]]kè ① 乗客: じょうかく ① 乘客: 승객
② 乘车: c[[héng]]chē ② 乗車: じょうしゃ ② 乘車: 승차
① passenger, traveler ② board, entrain, get on ③ horseback riding
A pictogram depicting a man on top of a tree with his legs apart, meaning 'get on' or 'climb'.
012: 九 (1841x)
nine, IX
C J K
乙 2
乙 2
乙 2
① 九天: jiǔtiān ① 九天: きゅうてん ① 九天: 구천
② 九泉: jiǔquán ② 九泉: きゅうせん ② 九泉: 구천
③ 九九歌: jiǔjiǔgē ③ 九九表: くくひょう ③ 九九段: 구구단
① sky, nine celestial bodies (center: 鈞天), (eastern: 蒼天), (NE: 変天), (northern: 玄天), (NW: 幽天), (western: 顥天 or 昊天), (SW: 朱天), (southern: 炎天), (SE: 陽天) ② underworld, land of the dead, Hades ③ multiplication table
A pictogram from an oracle bone inscription depicting the act of fishing, but borrowed early on to mean the numerical value 'nine'.
013: 事 (7961x)
C J K
亅 8
亅 8
亅 8
① 事业: shìyè ① 事業: じぎょう ① 事業: 사업
② 房事: fángshì ② 房事: ぼうじ ② 房事: 방사
③ 事实: shìshí ③ 事実: じじつ ③ 事實: 사실
① business, project ② sex, sexual intercourse, bedroom affairs, behind closed doors ③ fact, truth, reality
A pictogram of a 'hand (⺕)', upon having set a task, hoisting a flag or banner attached to a 'pole (丨)', meaning 'work'.
014: 二 (8183x)
C J K
二 2
二 2
二 2
① 二重: èrchóng ① 二重: にじゅう ① 二重: 이중
③ 二审: èrshěn ③ 二審: にしん ③ 二審: 이심
① double, two-fold, (i.e., bilingualism: 二重言語; dual nationality: 二重國籍) ② twice, second (i.e., WWII: 第二次世界大戰) ③ second trial, retrial, review in appeal's court
A simple ideogram depicting two felled logs or bamboo plants, meaning the numerical value 'two'.
015: 五 (6212x)
C J K
二 4
二 4
二 4
① 五感: wǔgǎn ① 五感: ごかん ① 五感: 오감
③ 五脏: wǔzàng ③ 五臓: ごぞう ③ 五臟: 오장
① the five senses ② the five blessings: health, longevity, peaceful death, virtue, wealth ③ the five viscera: liver, lungs, heart, kidneys, spleen
A pictogram that had layered 三 and 二 on top of each other at first until consolidating during the Regular Script period into 五, the numerical value, 'five'. Also read as I or me.
016: 井 (282x)
well, pit
C J K
jǐng せい (sei) / い (i) 정 /dʒəŋ/
二 4
二 4
二 4
① 油井: yóujǐng ① 油井: ゆせい ① 油井: 유정
③ 水井: shuǐjǐng ③ 井戸: いど ④ 井華水: 정화수
① oil well ② wellhead ③ water well ④ well water drawn at daybreak
A pictogram depicting the guardrails of a well. The well itself, once depicted with a dot in the middle was later deprecated.
017: 亡 (484x)
C J K
亠 3
亠 3
亠 3
① 死亡: sǐwáng ① 死亡: しぼう ① 死亡: 사망
② 逃亡: táowáng ② 逃亡: とうぼう ② 逃亡: 도망
③ 亡命: wángmìng ③ 亡命: ぼうめい ③ 亡命: 망명
① death ② escape, flee, abscond ③ defection, exile, seek asylum
A pictogram originally depicting a blind person with a cane, later coming to mean 'perish'. The 'eye (目)' was added later to create the character 盲 for 'blind'.
018: 交 (1405x)
C J K
亠 6
亠 6
亠 6
① 交易: jiāoyì ① 交易: こうえき ① 交易: 교역
② 交换: jiāohuàn ② 交換: こうかん ② 交換: 교환
③ 交通: jiāotōng ③ 交通: こうつう ③ 交通: 교통
① trade, commerce ② exchange, trade, barter ③ traffic, transportation, communication, intercourse
A pictogram from an oracle bone inscription depicting a person with crossed legs, meaning 'blend' or 'mix'.
019: 京 (560x)
C J K
亠 8
亠 8
亠 8
① 北京: běijīng ① 北京: ぺきん ① 北京: 북경
② 东京: dōngjīng ② 東京: とうきょう ② 東京: 동경
① Beijing, Peking ② Tokyo ③ Beijing Opera
A pictogram of a large house built over high fortress walls, later coming to mean 'capital'.
020: 人 (19939x)
C J K
人 2
人 2
人 2
① 人间: rénjiān ② 人類: じんるい ② 人類: 인류
③ 人参: rénshēn ③ 人参: にんじん ③ 人蔘: 인삼
④ 人权: rénquán ④ 人権: じんけん ④ 人權: 인권
① person, the world ② humanity, mankind ③ ginseng ④ human rights, civil rights
A pictogram depicting the side view of an adult male, meaning the gender-agnostic 'man'.
021: 仁 (1150x)
humaneness, benevolence, kindness
C J K
亻 4
亻 4
亻 4
① 仁慈: réncí ① 仁者: じんしゃ ① 仁者: 인자
② 仁术: rénshù ② 仁術: じんじゅつ ② 仁術: 인술
③ 仁义: rényì ③ 仁義: じんぎ ③ 仁義: 인이
① a benevolent, virtuous, merciful person ② art of healing, a benevolent act ③ benevolence & righteousness, humanity & justice, duty
A compound ideogram between 'man (亻)' and 'two (二)', meaning it is benign when people are in harmony.
022: 今 (2309x)
C J K
人 4
人 4
人 4
① 今日: jīnrì ① 今日: こんにち ① 今日: 금일
② 今年: jīnnián ② 今年: ことし ② 今年: 금년
③ 古今: gǔjīn ③ 古今: ここん ③ 古今: 고금
① today, this day ② this year, the current year ③ through all ages, past and present, ancient and modern times
A pictogram from an oracle bone inscription depicting food in the mouth, meaning 'now'.
023: 他 (13603x)
other, another, he, she, it
C J K
亻 5
亻 5
亻 5
① 他人: tārén ① 他人: たにん ① 他人: 타인
② 排他: páitā ② 排他: はいた ② 排他: 배타
① other person, stranger ② exclusion, exclusive ③ other, the others ④ murder, homicide, manslaughter
A phono-semantic compound between the semantic 'man (亻)' and the phonetic 'particle (也)', though at first a pictogram between 'man (亻)' and 'serpent (它)', meaning men and snakes have nothing in common.
024: 仙 (539x)
C J K
亻 5
亻 5
亻 5
① 仙人: xiānrén ① 仙人: せんにん ① 仙人: 선인
② 仙境: xiānjìng ② 仙境: せんきょう ② 仙境: 선경
③ 诗仙: shīxiān ③ 詩仙: しせん ③ 詩仙: 시선
① an immortal, a Taoist who has cleared the path to heaven ② an enchanted land, fairyland ③ an absorbed poet, a poetic genius
A compound ideogram between 'man (亻)' and 'mountain (山)', meaning that he who lives in the ways of the Tao in the mountains is transcendent.
025: 代 (1424x)
C J K
亻 5
亻 5
亻 5
① 代理: dàilǐ ① 代理: だいり ① 代理: 대리
② 代表: dàibiǎo ② 代表: だいひょう ② 代表: 대표
③ 当代: dāngdài ③ 当代: とうだい ③ 當代: 당대
① agency, representation, proxy ② represent, representative ③ present age, present time, these days
A compound ideogram between 'man (亻)' and 'catch (弋)' , meaning 'link front and back'. 弋 is the groove at the end of an arrow for the bowstring, but originally meant the wooden bar hung in the middle of a two-frame door.
026: 令 (2463x)
C J K
人 5
人 5
人 5
① 命令: mìnglìng ① 命令: めいれい ① 命令: 명령
② 令状: lìngzhuàng ② 令状: れいじょう ② 令狀: 영장
③ 司令: sīlìng ③ 司令: しれい ③ 司令: 사령
① order, command ② writ, warrant, summons ③ command, commander, control
A compound ideogram between 'combine (合)' and 'seal (卩)', meaning 'the one (人) with the right gives directives'.
027: 以 (9470x)
by means of, because, therefore
C J K
人 5
人 5
人 5
① 以前: yǐqián ① 以前: いぜん ① 以前: 이전
③ 以外: yǐwài ③ 以外: いがい ③ 以外: 이외
① before, in the past ② afterwards, hereafter ③ except, besides
A pictogram depicting a 'man (人)' burrowing the fields with a 'plow (厶)', meaning 'with that'.
028: 仰 (362x)
C J K
yǎng ぎょう (gyou) / こう(kou) 앙 /ʌŋ/
亻 6
亻 6
亻 6
① 仰望: yǎngwàng ① 仰望: ぎょうぼう ① 仰望: 앙망
② 仰天: yǎngtiān ② 仰天: ぎょうてん ② 仰天: 앙천
③ 信仰: xìnyǎng ③ 信仰: しんこう ③ 信仰: 신앙
① wish, hope, look up to ② look to the sky, be stupefied, horrified, amazed ③ religious faith, belief
A phono-semantic compound combining the semantic 'person (亻)' with the phonetic 'revere (卬)', meaning 'look up to' another more elevated than oneself.
029: 伏 (1201x)
C J K
亻 6
亻 6
亻 6
① 降伏: xiángfú ② 降伏: こうふく ② 降伏: 항복
③ 埋伏: máifú ③ 埋伏: まいふく ③ 埋伏: 매복
- - -
① subdue, tame ② surrender, capitulation ③ ambush, waylay
A compound ideogram of a 'dog (犬)' attentively lying prone before a 'man (⺅)', later taking on the meaning of 'obsequious', 'kowtow', but also 'hidden' or 'conceal'.
030: 伐 (411x)
C J K
亻 6
亻 6
亻 6
① 伐木: fámù ① 伐採: ばっさい ① 伐木: 벌목
② 征伐: zhēngfá ② 征伐: せいばつ ② 征伐: 정벌
③ 杀伐: shāfá ③ 殺伐: さつばつ ③ 殺伐: 살벌
① felling, logging, deforestation ② conquest, subjugation ③ bloodthirsty, brutal
A compound ideogram with oracle bone inscription origins of a 'man (⺅)' being cut down with a 'lance (戈)' meaning to repel the enemy with sword, spear.
031: 休 (777x)
C J K
亻 6
亻 6
亻 6
① 休假: xiūjiǎ ① 休暇: きゅうか ① 休暇: 휴가
② 休息: xiūxi ② 休息: きゅうそく ② 休息: 휴식
③ 休战: xiūzhàn ③ 休戦: きゅうせん ③ 休戰: 휴전
① a vacation, holiday ② rest, temporary relief ③ truce, armistice, cease-fire
A compound ideogram combining 'man (⺅)' with 'tree (木)', meaning a person takes 'respite' under a tree.
032: 位 (3096x)
position, status
C J K
亻 7
亻 7
亻 7
① 位置: wèizhi ① 位置: いち ① 位置: 위치
② 位次: wèicì ② 順位: じゅんい ② 順位: 순위
③ 单位: dānwèi ③ 単位: たんい ③ 單位: 단위
① location, place ② ranking, standing, position ③ unit, measure
A compound ideogram assembled with 'man (⺅)' and 'stand (立)' meaning that a subject stands at a position relative to his rank and post.
033: 低 (760x)
low, bend
C J K
亻 7
亻 7
亻 7
① 低质: dīzhì ① 低質: ていしつ ① 低質: 저질
② 低价: dījià ② 低価: ていか ② 低價: 저가
③ 最低: zuìdī ③ 最低: さいてい ③ 最低: 최저
① low quality, inferior quality ② low price, competitive price ③ least, lowest, minimum
A phono-semantic compound between the semantic 'man (⺅)' and the phonetic 'low (低)', meaning low, because the elevation or height of a man who is genuflecting or bowing towards the ground is not high.
034: 住 (5532x)
C J K
亻 7
亻 7
亻 7
① 住宅: zhùzhái ① 住宅: じゅうたく ① 住宅: 주택
② 住址: zhùzhǐ ② 住所: じゅうしょ ② 住所: 주소
③ 住户: zhùhù ④ 住民: じゅうみん ④ 住民: 주민
① house, residence, housing unit ② address, domicile ③ household resident, citizen ④ resident, citizen, inhabitant
A phono-semantic compound combining the semantic 'person (亻)' with the phonetic 'owner (主)', meaning 'stay' or 'dwell', with reference to the connotation of stop in '主'.
035: 何 (3491x)
what, why, where, which, how
C J K
亻 7
亻 7
亻 7
③ 何在: hézài ④ 何方: どちら ② 何時: 하시
① why ② what time ③ where ④ which one, which way ⑤ why, how
A phono-semantic compound between the semantic 'man (⺅)' and the phonetic 'correct (可)', but originally a pictogram of a man bearing a load, now used only for its phonetic value as a rebus meaning 'how'.
036: 作 (11419x)
C J K
亻 7
亻 7
亻 7
① 作文: zuòwén ① 作文: さくぶん ① 作文: 작문
② 作业: zuòyè ② 作業: さぎょう ② 作業: 작업
③ 作曲: zuòqǔ ③ 作曲: さっきょく ③ 作曲: 작곡
① writing, composition ② work, operate, task ③ musical composition, write music
At first a pictogram depicting 'clothes-making' before the radical 'man (亻)' was added to become a phono-semantic compound, meaning 'build'.
037: 佛 (13343x)
C J K
亻 7
亻 4
亻 7
① 佛教: fójiào ① 仏教: ぶっきょう ① 佛敎: 불교
② 佛像: fóxiàng ② 仏像: ぶつぞう ② 佛像: 불상
③ 佛堂: fótáng ③ 仏堂: ぶつどう ③ 佛堂: 불당
① Buddhism ② Buddhist statue, image ③ Buddhist temple, Buddhist shrine
A phono-semantic compound between the semantic 'man (⺅)' and the phonetic 'not (弗)' meaning Buddha ― someone whose form is that of a man but is without ordinary human traits, like desire, anger, despair.
038: 使 (6191x)
C J K
亻 8
亻 8
亻 8
① 使用: shǐyòng ① 使用: しよう ① 使用: 사용
② 使命: shǐmìng ② 使命: しめい ② 使命: 사명
③ 大使: dàshǐ ③ 大使: たいし ③ 大使: 대사
① use, employ ② mission, errand ③ ambassador, top diplomat
A compound ideogram combining 'man (⺅)' with 'government official (吏)' meaning a king or monarch causes his retainers to do his bidding.
039: 來 (4621x)
come, arrive, return
C J K
木 7
木 7
人 8
① 来日: láirì ② 来日: らいにち ③ 來日: 내일
④ 来访: láifǎng ④ 来訪: らいほう ④ 來訪: 내방
⑤ 来年: láinián ⑤ 来年: らいねん ⑤ 來年: 내년
① the future ② arrival in Japan ③ tomorrow ④ visit, call ⑤ next year
A pictogram now meaning 'come', from the old practice of traversing on fields of barley seed in early spring before they thaw.
040: 例 (890x)
C J K
亻 8
亻 8
亻 8
① 例外: lìwài ① 例外: れいがい ① 例外: 예외
② 例题: lìtí ② 例題: れいだい ② 例題: 예제
③ 例会: lìhuì ③ 例会: れいかい ③ 例會: 예회
① exception, isolated case ② example, case, exercise problem ③ regular meeting, regular session
A phono-semantic compound between the semantic 'man(⺅)' and the phonetic 'line up (列)', meaning compare, but later coming to mean regulation, as well as example.
041: 依 (3439x)
dependence, lean on
C J K
亻 8
亻 8
亻 8
① 依存: yīcún ① 依存: いぞん ① 依存: 의존
② 依赖: yīlài ② 依賴: いらい ② 依賴: 의뢰
③ 依托: yītuō ③ 依託: いたく ③ 依託: 의탁
① dependence, reliance ② commission, request ③ entrust, reliance
A phono-semantic compound between the semantic 'man (⺅)' and the phonetic 'clothes (衣)', meaning that man is 'dependent' on clothes for bodily protection against the elements.
042: 便 (2909x)
C J K
biàn べん (ben) 편/변 /pyən//byən/
亻 9
亻 9
亻 9
① 便利: biànlì ① 便利: べんり ① 便利: 편리
② 便所: biànsuǒ ② 便所: べんじょ ② 便所: 변소
③ 不便: búbiàn ③ 不便: ふべん ③ 不便: 불편
① comfort, convenient ② outhouse, comfort room ③ discomfort, inconvenient
A compound ideogram assembled with 'man (⺅)' and 'fix (更)', meaning man 'changes' and 'replaces' what is inconvenient for him. Also means urine and feces.
043: 俗 (929x)
C J K
亻 9
亻 9
亻 9
② 俗话: súhuà ② 俗談: ぞくだん ② 俗談: 속담
③ 风俗: fēngsú ③ 風俗: ふうぞく ③ 風俗: 풍속
① colloquialism, slang ② proerb, adage ③ customs, manners
A phono-semantic compound between the semantic 'man (亻)' and the phonetic 'valley (谷)', meaning those who live amongst each other for a long time share the same manners, customs, and practices.
044: 保 (1286x)
C J K
亻 9
亻 9
亻 9
② 保险: bǎoxiǎn ② 保險: ほけん ② 保險: 보험
③ 保证: bǎozhèng ③ 保証: ほしょう ③ 保證: 보증
① protect, safeguard, care ② insurance ③ guarantee, assurance
A compound ideogram from an oracle bone inscription between 'man (亻)' and 'child (呆)', meaning that an adult 'protects' a minor.
045: 信 (3868x)
believe, truthfulness, honesty
C J K
亻 9
亻 9
亻 9
① 信赖: xìnlài ① 信頼: しんらい ① 信賴: 신뢰
② 信用: xìnyòng ② 信用: しんよう ② 信用: 신용
③ 背信: bèixìn ③ 背信: はいしん ③ 背信: 배신
① trust, faith, confidence ② credit, confidence ③ betrayal, breach of trust
A compound ideogram assembled with 'man (亻)' and 'speech (言)', meaning words spoken by a person ought to be trustworthy.
046: 修 (4872x)
cultivate, mend
C J K
亻 9
亻 9
亻 9
① 修理: xiūlǐ ① 修理: しゅうり ① 修理: 수리
② 修炼: xiūliàn ② 修練: しゅうれん ② 修鍊: 수련
③ 修身: xiūshēn ③ 修身: しゅうしん ③ 修身: 수신
① repair, fix ② discipline, training ③ self-betterment, develop moral character
A compound ideogram between 'distant (攸)' and 'feathers (彡)', meaning the mind should be clear and cultivated just as the hair is washed in clean waters that flow far away.
047: 個 (193x)
piece, each
C J K
丨 3
亻 10
亻 10
① 个人: gèrén ① 個人: こじん ① 個人: 개인
② 个性: gèxìng ② 個性: こせい ② 個性: 개성
③ 个别: gèbié ③ 個別: こべつ ③ 個別: 개별
① individual, private ② personality, individuality ③ separately, independently
A phono-semantic compound between the semantic 'man (亻)' and the phonetic 'solidify (固)', meaning individual persons are most readily discernible by their traits and character, used as the most common classifier for people, places, and things.
048: 借 (330x)
C J K
亻 10
亻 10
亻 10
① 借入: jièrù ① 借入: しゃくにゅう ① 借入: 차입
② 借贷: jièdài ② 貸借: たいしゃく ② 貸借: 대차
③ 借债: jièzhài ③ 借金: しゃっきん ③ 借金: 차금
① loan payable, borrowed capital, debt ② lending & borrowing, credit & debit ③ debt, liabilities
A phono-semantic compound assembled with the semantic 'man(亻)' and the phonetic 'antiquity (昔)', meaning that people would 'borrow, lend, or help' when others were short of 'dried meat (昔)'.
049: 假 (1549x)
C J K
亻 11
亻 6
亻 11
① 假名: jiǎmíng ① 仮名: かめい ① 假名: 가명
② 假面: jiǎmiàn ② 仮面: かめん ② 假面: 가면
③ 假定: jiǎdìng ③ 仮定: かてい ③ 假定: 가정
① alias, pseudonym ② mask, disguise ③ supposition, assumption, hypothesis
A phono-semantic compound assembled with the semantic 'man (亻)' and the phonetic of what used to mean 'borrow (叚)', later coming to mean 'falsehood' or 'lie'.
050: 偉 (31x)
C J K
亻 6
亻 11
亻 11
① 伟大: wěidà ① 偉大: いだい ① 偉大: 위대
② 伟力: wěilì ② 偉力: いりょく ② 偉力: 위력
③ 伟业: wěiyè ③ 偉業: いぎょう ③ 偉業: 위업
① great, greatness ② great power, great force ③ great enterprise, exploits
A phono-semantic compound between the semantic 'man (亻)' and the simultaneous phonetic and semantic component 'chamois (韋)', having the meaning of 'extraordinary'.
051: 停 (685x)
C J K
亻 11
亻 11
亻 11
① 停止: tíngzhǐ ① 停止: ていし ① 停止: 정지
② 停车: tíngchē ② 停車: ていしゃ ② 停車: 정차
③ 停电: tíngdiàn ③ 停電: ていでん ③ 停電: 정전
① stop, halt, suspend ② pull over, park, stop ③ blackout, power outage
A phono-semantic compound between the semantic 'man (亻)' and the phonetic 'pavilion (亭)', meaning a man enters a resting place to 'stop' for a while.
052: 備 (264x)
perfection, prepare, get ready
C J K
夂 8
亻 12
亻 12
① 准备: zhǔnbèi ① 準備: じゅんび ① 準備: 준비
② 警备: jǐngbèi ② 警備: けいび ② 警備: 경비
① preparation, readiness ② security, guard, policing
A phono-semantic compound between the semantic 'man (亻)' and the phonetic 'prepare 備' without the man radical. Originally a pictogram derived from an oracle bone inscription of a bundle of arrows in a quiver.
053: 傳 (993x)
C J K
传 伝 傳
亻 6
亻 6
亻 13
① 传达: chuándá ① 伝達: でんたつ ① 傳達: 전달
② 传染: chuánrǎn ② 伝染: でんせん ② 傳染: 전염
③ 传统: chuántǒng ③ 伝統: でんとう ③ 傳統: 전통
① conveyance, transmit ② contagion, infection ③ tradition, convention
A phono-semantic compound assembled with the semantic 'man (亻)' and the phonetic 'exclusively (專)', meaning 'transmit'. The character '專' used to mean official classified document.
054: 傷 (201x)
C J K
shāng しょう (shou)/きず (gisu) 상 /sʌŋ/
亻 6
亻 13
亻 13
① 伤口: shāngkǒu ① 傷口: きずぐち ① 傷處: 상처
② 伤害: shānghài ② 傷害: しょうがい ② 傷害: 상해
③ 火伤: huǒshāng ③ 火傷: やけど ③ 火傷: 화상
① wound, cut ② assault, injury, damage ③ scald, burn
A phono-semantic compound between the semantic 'man (亻)' and the phonetic 'bright (𠂉+昜)', meaning 'injury', from the fact that they stand out and are noticeable.
055: 價 (124x)
C J K
亻 6
亻 8
亻 15
① 价格: jiàgé ① 価格: かかく ① 價格: 가격
② 价值: jiàzhí ② 価値: かち ② 價値: 가치
③ 评价: píngjià ③ 評価: ひょうか ③ 評價: 평가
① price ② value, worth ③ valuation, appraisal, assessment
A phono-semantic compound assembled with the semantic 'man (亻)' and the phonetic 'business (贾,賈)', meaning that a 'price' or 'value' is determined in the buying and selling of goods.
056: 億 (504x)
C J K
亻 3
亻 15
亻 15
① 亿劫: yìjié ① 億劫: おっくう ① 億劫: 억겁
② 千亿: qiānyì ② 千億: せんおく ② 千億: 천억
① aeonian, an endlessly long period ② one hundred billion, very large number
A phono-semantic compound between 'man (亻)' and 'meaning (意)'. The character meant 'spiritually at ease', but later used to also denote the numerical value of 100,000,000.
057: 元 (1516x)
C J K
儿 4
儿 4
儿 4
① 元老: yuánlǎo ① 元祖: がんそ ① 元祖: 원조
② 元旦: yuándàn ② 元旦: がんたん ② 元旦: 원단
③ 元朝: yuáncháo ④ 元金: がんきん ④ 元金: 원금
① founder, originator ② New Year's Day ③ Yuan Dynasty, Mongol Empire ④ principal, capital
A pictogram combining 'upper (上 since deprecated for 二)' with 'son' or lower 'person (儿)' , meaning 'chief' or 'first among men'.
058: 兄 (292x)
C J K
儿 5
儿 5
儿 5
① 兄弟: xiōngdì ② 兄弟: きょうだい ② 兄弟: 형제
③ 兄长: xiōngzhǎng ④ 兄貴: あにき ⑤ 兄夫: 형부
① brother ② brothers, siblings ③ elder brother ④ elder brother, one's elder ⑤ brother in-law, elder sister's husband
A compound ideogram between 'mouth (口)' and lower 'person (儿)', meaning it is the 'elder brother' who delivers the memorial address over the younger sibling(s) during the ancestral ceremonies.
059: 充 (722x)
fill, be full, sufficient
C J K
儿 6
儿 6
儿 6
① 充分: chōngfèn ① 充分: じゅうぶん ① 充分: 충분
② 充电: chōngdiàn ② 充電: じゅうでん ② 充電: 충전
③ 充实: chōngshí ③ 充実: じゅうじつ ③ 充實: 충실
① enough, sufficient ② recharge (battery), electrical boost ③ faithful, loyal
A compound ideogram combining 'child (儿)' with 'raise up (育→云)', which at first meant 'a growing child', but later came to mean 'full'.
060: 兆 (157x)
C J K
儿 6
儿 6
儿 6
① 兆头: zhàotou ① 兆候: ちょうこう ① 兆朕: 조짐
② 凶兆: xiōngzhào ② 凶兆: きょうちょう ② 凶兆: 흉조
③ 前兆: qiánzhào ③ 前兆: ぜんちょう ③ 前兆: 전조
① sign, warning, omen ② ill omen, evil sign ③ foreshadowing, foreboding
A pictogram meaning 'foretell', similar to 'predict (⼘)' as fortune telling was done with the cracks of burned tortoise shell or cattle bone. Also means 'trillion' or 1,000,000,000,000.
061: 先 (2007x)
C J K
儿 6
儿 6
儿 6
① 先生: xiānsheng ② 先生: せんせい ② 先生: 선생
③ 先进: xiānjìn ③ 先進: せんしん ③ 先進: 선진
④ 先手: xiānshǒu ④ 先手: せんて ④ 先手: 선수
① mister ② teacher ③ advanced, ahead ④ first move, offensive move
A compound ideogram between 'to go (之)' ― the cursive form of 'footprint (止 → ⺧)' ― and 'man (儿)', meaning gone 'first'.
062: 光 (3992x)
C J K
儿 6
儿 6
儿 6
① 光明: guāngmíng ① 光明: こうみょう ① 光明: 광명
② 光线: guāngxiàn ② 光線: こうせん ② 光線: 광선
③ 光速: guāngsù ④ 光学: こうがく ③ 光速: 광속
① luminosity, hope ② rays, beams ③ speed of light ④ optical science, optics
A compound ideogram from an oracle bone inscription of a 'woman (儿)' offering a 'flambeau (火)' to a shrine, later coming to mean 'brilliant'.
063: 免 (642x)
evade, excuse from
C J K
儿 8
儿 8
儿 8
① 免除: miǎnchú ① 免除: めんじょ ① 免除: 면제
② 免疫: miǎnyì ② 免疫: めんえき ② 免疫: 면역
③ 免责: miǎnzé ③ 免責: めんせき ③ 免責: 면책
① exemption, discharge ② immunity, free from infection ③ indemnification, immune from liability, disclaimer
A compound ideogram that originally meant royal crown, but when it came to be used for 'exempt', another character was created for coronet: 冕.
064: 兒
C J K
儿 児 兒
儿 2
儿 7
儿 8
① 儿童: értóng ① 児童: じどう ① 兒童: 아동
③ 幼儿: yòuér ③ 幼児: ようじ ③ 幼兒: 유아
① child, children, juvenile ② orphan ③ infant, toddler
A pictogram of a 'child (儿)' whose vertex or 'cranium (臼)' is still soft, meaning 'baby'.
065: 入
enter
C J K
入 2
入 2
入 2
① 入口: rùkǒu ① 入口: いりぐち ① 入口: 입구
② 介入: jièrù ② 介入: かいにゅう ② 介入: 개입
③ 输入: shūrù ③ 輸入: ゆにゅう ③ 輸入: 수입
① entrance, entranceway ② intervention, meddling, interference ③ import, enter
A simple ideogram depicting either a grass blade or the trunk of a tree rooted underground, but later coming to mean 'enter'.
066: 內
inside, inner
C J K
內 內 內
入 4
入 4
入 4
① 內容: nèiróng ① 內容: ないよう ① 內容: 내용
② 內战: nèizhàn ② 內戦: ないせん ② 內戰: 내전
③ 內监: nèijiàn ③ 內侍: ないし ③ 內侍: 내시
① contents, substance ② civil war ③ eunuch, courtesan
A compound ideogram between 'enter (入)' and 'door (冂)', with emphasis on the meaning of 'inner'.
067: 全
all, total, whole
C J K
入 6
入 6
入 6
① 全部: quánbù ① 全部: ぜんぶ ① 全部: 전부
② 全面: quánmiàn ② 全面: ぜんめん ② 全面: 전면
③ 全国: quánguó ③ 全国: ぜんこく ③ 全國: 전국
① all, entire, whole ② entire surface, the front, the facade ③ nationwide, country-wide
A compound ideogram between 'enter (入)' and 'gem (where 王 comes from 玉)', from the fact that valuables safely stored at home are 'wholly' 'intact' and 'perfect'.
068: 兩
two, both, pair
C J K
两 両 兩
liǎng りょう (ryou) 량/양 /ryʌŋ//yʌŋ/
入 7
入 6
入 8
① 两方: liǎngfāng ① 両方: りょうほう ① 兩方: 양방
② 两国: liǎngguó ② 両国: りょうこく ② 兩國: 양국
③ 两面: liǎngmiàn ③ 両面: りょうめん ③ 兩面: 양면
① both parties, both sides ② bilateral, both countries ③ both aspects, double-faced
A pictogram of two equal weighting pans hoisted on a balance scale, meaning 'two' or 'pair'. The character is a weight measure where 1 兩 is equal to 37.8 grams.
069: 八
eight, VIII
C J K
八 2
八 2
八 2
① 八月: bāyuè ① 八月: はちがつ ① 八月: 팔월
② 八方: bāfāng ② 八方: はっぽう ② 八方: 팔방
③ 八卦: bāguà ③ 八卦: はっけ ③ 八卦: 팔괘
① August ② all directions, all sides ③ Eight Symbols (trigrams) of Divination: Earth ☷ sw (000←0), Mountain ☶ ne (001←1) , Water ☵ north (010←2), Wind ☴ se (011←3), Thunder ☳ east (100←4), Fire ☲ south (101←5), Lake ☱ west (110←6), Heaven ☰ nw (111←7)
A simple ideogram where 八 depicted two thumbs up, which symbolized the numerical value 'eight'.
070: 公
C J K
八 4
八 4
八 4
① 公正: gōngzhèng ① 公正: こうせい ① 公正: 공정
② 公平: gōngpíng ② 公平: こうへい ② 公平: 공평
③ 公社: gōngs[[hè ④ 公私: こうし ⑤ 公證: 공증
① justice, fairness ② fair, impartial ③ commune ④ public & private ⑤ notarial act, official endorsement, authentication
A compound ideogram meaning it is 'fair' when things are 'divided (八)' equitably in those matters outside of the 'private (厶)' realm.
071: 六
six, VI
C J K
liù ろく (roku)/りく (riku) 륙/육 /ryuɡ//yuɡ/
八 4
八 4
八 4
① 六书: liùshū ① 六書: りくしょ ① 六書: 육서
② 六腑: liùfǔ ② 六腑: ろっぷ ② 六腑: 육부
③ 六艺: liùyì ③ 六芸: りくげい ③ 六藝: 육예
① the six Chinese character categories ② the six hollow organs: bladder (膀胱), gall bladder (膽), large intestine (大腸), small intestine (小腸), sanjiao (三焦), stomach (胃腸) ③ the six elite subjects: archery (射), math (數↔数), military arts (御), music (樂↔乐↔楽), reading & writing (書↔书), and rites (禮↔礼)
A rebus character meaning the numerical value 'six', from an original pictogram of a ger-like tent or temporary housing.
072: 共
common, same, share
C J K
共 共 共
八 6
八 6
八 6
① 共通: gòngtōng ① 共通: きょうつう ① 共通: 공통
② 共同: gòngtóng ② 共同: きょうどう ② 共同: 공동
③ 共谋: gòngmóu ③ 共謀: きょうぼう ③ 共謀: 공모
① universal, commonness ② collaboration, joint ③ conspiracy, complicity, collusion
A compound ideogram of two 'hands (八)' holding up an object, meaning 'share'.
073: 兵
of military, arms, soldier
C J K
兵 兵 兵
八 7
八 7
八 7
① 兵法: bīngfǎ ① 兵法: へいほう ① 兵法: 병법
② 兵役: bīngyì ② 兵役: へいえき ② 兵役: 병역
③ 征兵: zhēngbīng ③ 徴兵: ちょうへい ③ 徵兵: 징병
① military tactics, strategy, art of war ② military service ③ draft, conscription, compulsory military service
A compound ideogram assembled with 'axe (斤)' and two 'hands (八)', coming to have the meaning of 'soldier'.
074: 典
C J K
典 典 典
八 8
八 8
八 8
① 典当: diǎndàng ① 典当: てんとう ① 典當: 전당
② 典礼: diǎnlǐ ② 典礼: てんれい ② 典禮: 전례
③ 辞典: cídiǎn ③ 辞典: じてん ③ 辭典: 사전
① impawn, pledge ② ritual, ceremony ③ dictionary
A compound ideogram originally showing two hands on a 'table ([]一)' holding a 'book (冊)' of either bamboo (竹) or jade (玉), later coming to mean 'law' or 'rule'.
075: 冊
book, volume
C J K
册 冊 冊
冂 5
冂 5
冂 5
① booklet, pamphlet, brochure ② enroll, register ③ desk ④ bookshelf
A pictogram of either split bamboo stalks or wooden sticks with writings on it that were then tied together with leather or fiber string, meaning 'book'.
076: 再
C J K
再 再 再
zài さつ (satsu)/さい (sai) 재 /dʒe/
冂 6
冂 6
冂 6
① 再生: zàishēng ① 再生: さいせい ① 再生: 재생
② 再建: zàijiàn ② 再建: さいけん ② 再建: 재건
③ 再审: zàishěn ③ 再審: さいしん ③ 再審: 재심
① regeneration, rebirth, renaissance ② rebuild, reconstruction ③ review, retrial, reexamine
A compound ideogram assembled with 'one ([]一)' and the radical '冉' of 'blocks of wood (冓)', meaning 'another'.
077: 冬
C J K
冫 5
冫 5
冫 5
① 冬季: dōngjì ① 冬季: とうき ① 冬季: 동계
② 立冬: lìdōng ② 立冬: りっとう ② 立冬: 입동
③ 冬至: dōngzhì ③ 冬至: とうじ ③ 冬至: 동지
① winter, dry season ② early winter, mid-November ③ winter solstice
Originally a pictogram of a slung rope with its two ends tied in a knot, but later became a phono-semantic compound between the phonetic come 'late (夂)' and the semantic 'frost (冫)', meaning 'winter'.
078: 冷
cold, cool
C J K
冷 冷 冷
冫 7
冫 7
冫 7
① 冷战: lěngzhàn ① 冷戦: れいせん ① 冷戰: 냉전
② 冷水: lěngshuǐ ② 冷水: れいすい ② 冷水: 냉수
③ 冷房: lěngfáng ③ 冷房: れいぼう ③ 冷房: 냉방
① the Cold War ② chilled water, unboiled water ③ air conditioning, cold room
A phono-semantic compound between the semantic 'frost (冫)' and the phonetic 'command (令)', meaning orders from on high are as 'cold' and stern as ice.
079: 出
C J K
chū しゅつ (shutsu)/で (de) 출 /tʃul/
凵 5
凵 5
凵 5
① 出生: chūshēng ① 出生: しゅっせい ① 出生: 출생
② 出口: chūkǒu ② 出口: でぐち ② 出口: 출구
③ 输出: shūchū ③ 輸出: ゆしゅつ ③ 輸出: 수출
① birth, nativity ② exit, out gate ③ export, emit
A pictogram of either a human foot emerging from inside a door or buds sprouting from the ground, meaning 'come out' or 'go out'.
080: 刀
knife, sword
C J K
刀 2
刀 2
刀 2
① 刀片: dāopiàn ② 大刀: だいとう ③ 刀工: 도공
④ 刀子: dāozi ④ 刀子: とうす ④ 刀子: 도자
⑤ 短刀: duǎndāo ⑤ 短刀: しない ⑤ 短刀: 단도
① blade, razor-blade ② long sword ③ swordsmith, sword maker ④ small knife ⑤ dagger, short sword
A pictogram of a curved or crescent 'blade (刀)'. As a radical, '刂' is always used on the right side of the character.
081: 分
divide, share, portion, part
C J K
刀 4
刀 4
刀 4
① 分离: fēnlí ① 分離: ぶんり ① 分離: 분리
② 分配: fēnpèi ② 分配: ぶんぱい ② 分配: 분배
③ 分析: fēnxī ③ 分析: ぶんせき ③ 分析: 분석
① separate, divide, partition ② distribution, allocation ③ analysis, take apart
A compound ideogram between 'eight (八)' and 'knife (刀)' meaning 'divide'.
082: 刑
punishment, penalty
C J K
刑 刑 刑
刂 6
刂 6
刂 6
① 刑法: xíngfǎ ① 刑法: けいほう ① 刑法: 형법
② 刑事: xíngshì ② 刑事: けいじ ② 刑事: 형사
③ 刑罚: xíngfá ③ 刑罰: けいばつ ③ 刑罰: 형벌
① criminal law, penal code ② criminal case, criminal matter ③ sentence, punishment
A compound ideogram originally assembled with 'well (井)' and 'sword (刂)', meaning those who do not go by the rules (井) in using the common water well suffers 'penalty'.
083: 列
queue, line up
C J K
列 列 列
liè れつ (retsu) 렬/열 /ryəl//yəl/
刂 6
刂 6
刂 6
① 系列: xìliè ① 系列: けいれつ ① 系列: 계열
② 排列: páiliè ② 配列: はいれつ ② 排列: 배열
③ 列岛: lièdǎo ③ 列島: れっとう ③ 列島: 열도
① series, order, affiliation ② arrangement, array ③ archipelago, chain of islands
A phono-semantic compound between the phonetic 'bone separated from the flesh (歹)' and the semantic 'knife (刂)', originally meaning 'to separate' the flesh from the bone, later coming to also mean 'line up'.
084: 初
early, junior, first, original
C J K
初 初 初
刀 7
刀 7
刀 7
① 初步: chūbù ① 初歩: しょほ ① 初步: 초보
② 初期: chūqī ② 初期: しょき ② 初期: 초기
③ 初创: chūchuàng ④ 初念: しょねん ④ 初念: 초념
① basics, elementary, novice ② initial stage, incipient stage ③ startup, new establishment ④ original intent
A compound ideogram meaning that the 'first' step in 'clothes (衤)' making is in 'cutting (刀)' the material: leather, hemp, cotton, or otherwise.
085: 判
judge, discriminate
C J K
判 判 判
刂 7
刂 7
刂 7
① 判断: pànduàn ① 判断: はんだん ① 判斷: 판단
② 判例: pànlì ② 判例: はんれい ② 判例: 판례
③ 批判: pīpàn ③ 批判: ひはん ③ 批判: 비판
① judgment, decision ② legal precedent, judicial precedent ③ criticism, repudiation
A phono-semantic compound between 'half (半)' and 'knife (刂)', meaning that all disputes could be plainly 'discerned' just as an object is cleanly cut in half with a knife.
086: 別
differentiate, distinguish, different
C J K
别 别 別
刂 7
刂 7
刂 7
① 离别: líbié ① 離别: りべつ ① 離別: 이별
② 差别: chābié ② 差别: さべつ ② 差別: 차별
③ 别名: biémíng ③ 别名: べつめい ③ 別名: 별명
① go separate way, break up, bid farewell ② discrimination, discriminate ③ alias, pseudonym
A compound ideogram between 'cut meat off bones (另)' and 'knife (刂)', meaning that 'distinctions' are made by cutting with a knife.
087: 利
gains, profit, advantage, sharp
C J K
利 利 利
刂 7
刂 7
刂 7
② 单利: dānlì ② 単利: たんり ② 單利: 단리
① rate of interest, interest rate ② simple interest ③ compound interest
A compound ideogram between 'unhusked rice stalk (禾)' and 'knife (刂)', originally meaning tillage or cultivation, but later coming to mean 'sharp' or 'pointed'.
088: 到
reach, arrive
C J K
到 到 到
刂 8
刂 8
刂 8
① 到达: dàodá ① 到達: とうたつ ① 到達: 도달
① reach, arrive, attain ② arrival ③ at last, finally
Etymology uncertain, but comes from bronze object inscriptions meaning a person (人) is to 'arrive' somewhere; it is not simply a phono-semantic compound between 'arrive (至)' and 'knife (刂)'.
089: 則
C J K
则 則 則
刂 6
刂 9
刂 9
① 原则: yuánzé ① 原則: げんそく ① 原則: 원칙
② 规则: guīzé ② 規則: きそく ② 規則: 규칙
③ 准则: zhǔnzé ④ 反則: はんそく ④ 反則: 반칙
① fundamental principle, general rule ② rules, regulation, convention ③ norms, practices, standard ④ foul play, irregularity
A compound ideogram between 'shell fish (貝)' and 'knife (刂)', meaning 'rules', from the idea that the division and allocation of property (貝) must follow a clear cut (刂) set of guidelines.
090: 前
front, forward, preceding, before
C J K
刂 9
刂 9
刂 9
① 前提: qiántí ① 前提: ぜんてい ① 前提: 전제
② 前例: qiánlì ② 前例: ぜんれい ② 前例: 전례
③ 前日: qiánrì ④ 前日: ぜんじつ ④ 前日: 전일
① premise, assumption, precondition ② historical precedent, stare decisis ③ day before yesterday ④ prior day, previous day
A simple ideogram meaning that a 'boat (once 舟 but simplified to ⺼)' moves 'forward' when rowed with the 'feet (once 止 but later changed to 䒑)'. The 'knife (刂)' was added only later.
091: 力
power, force, capability, influence
C J K
lì りき (riki)/りょく (ryoku) 력/역 /ryəɡ//yəɡ/
力 2
力 2
力 2
① 力量: lìliang ① 力量: りきりょう ① 力量: 역량
② 力主: lìzhǔ ② 力説: りきせつ ② 力說: 역설
③ 努力: nǔlì ④ 暴力: ぼうりょく ③ 努力: 노력
① strength, capacity, ability ② emphasize, advocate, stress ③ effort, exertion, endeavor ④ violence, force, mayhem
A pictogram depicting flexed bicep muscles, meaning 'power', with the current form being set only much later.
092: 功
achievement, merit, work
C J K
功 功 功
力 5
力 5
力 5
① 成功: c[[héng]]gōng ① 成功: せいこう ① 成功: 성공
② 功劳: gōngláo ② 功労: こうろう ② 功勞: 공로
③ 功夫: gōngfu ④ 功績: こうせき ④ 功績: 공적
① success, prevail ② good deed, meritorious services ③ kung fu ④ achievement, contribution
A phono-semantic compound between the phonetic 'artisan (工)' and the semantic 'capability (力)', meaning the fruits of devotion and honest labor are 'achievements' for the good of all.
093: 加
add, increase, augment
C J K
力 5
力 5
力 5
① 加上: jiāshang ① 加算: かさん ① 加算: 가산
② 加工: jiāgōng ② 加工: かこう ② 加工: 가공
③ 加入: jiārù ③ 加入: かにゅう ③ 加入: 가입
① tally, add ② processing, machining, polishing ③ join, sign-up, register, subscribe
A compound ideogram assembled with 'power (力)' and 'mouth (口)', meaning that either good or evil, right or wrong, virtue or vice is 'incremented' by what is said.
094: 助
help, aid, assist
C J K
助 助 助
力 7
力 7
力 7
① 助言: zhùyán ① 助言: じょげん ① 助言: 조언
② 救助: jiùzhù ② 救助: きゅうじょ ② 救助: 구조
③ 补助: bǔzhù ③ 補助: ほじょ ③ 補助: 보조
① advice, suggestion ② rescue, help ③ assistance, support, subsidy
A phono-semantic compound between the semantic 'power (力)' and the phonetic 'phallus (且)', meaning 'aid', from the old practice of asking for protection and guidance from one's ancestors as 且 is the original form of 'grandparent (祖)'.
095: 勇
brave, bold, courageous, valiant
C J K
勇 勇 勇
力 9
力 9
力 9
① 勇气: yǒngqì ① 勇気: ゆうき ① 勇氣: 용기
② 勇敢: yǒnggǎn ② 勇敢: ゆうかん ② 勇敢: 용감
① courage, nerve, grit ② brave, gallant
A phono-semantic compound between the phonetic 'over-flowing well (甬)' and the semantic 'power (力)', meaning the 'brave' are quick and courageous. This character is not a compound with 龴 and 男.
096: 勉
exert, exhort, urge
C J K
勉 勉 勉
力 9
力 9
力 9
① 勉强: miǎnqiǎng ② 勉学: べんがく ② 勉學: 면학
① push oneself, force oneself ② pursuit of knowledge, academic pursuit ③ encourage, prompt ④ study, diligence
A phono-semantic compound between the phonetic 'escape (免)' and the semantic 'power (力)', meaning thorough planning and execution are needed to capture a runaway rabbit (兔). Read: work hard with the vigorousness of youth to be excused from depravity in old age.
097: 動 (1672x)
C J K
力 6
力 11
力 11
① 动力: dònglì ① 動力: どうりょく ① 動力: 동력
② 动物: dòngwù ② 動物: どうぶつ ② 動物: 동물
③ 动员: dòngyuán ③ 動員: どういん ③ 動員: 동원
① momentum, dynamic force ② animal, moving creature ③ mobilization
A phono-semantic compound assembled with the phonetic 'heavy (重)' and the semantic 'power (力)', meaning that strength must be mustered in 'moving' anything of mass and weight.
098: 務 (299x)
of business or affair, goal-oriented drive
C J K
力 5
力 11
力 11
① 任务: rènwù ① 任務: にんむ ① 任務: 임무
② 国务: guówù ② 国務: こくむ ② 國務: 국무
③ 债务: zhàiwù ③ 債務: さいむ ③ 債務: 채무
① duty, task, office, one's professional responsibility ② state affairs, domestic affairs ③ debt, liabilities
A phono-semantic compound between the phonetic 'lance (矛)' and the semantic component 'stout (务)', meaning 'strength (力)' is exerted with 'spear (矛)' in 'hand (⺙)'.
099: 勝 (3044x)
C J K
月 9
力 12
力 12
① 胜败: s[[hèngbài ① 勝敗: しょうはい ① 勝敗: 승패
② 胜利: s[[hènglì ② 勝利: しょうり ② 勝利: 승리
③ 胜诉: s[[hèngsù ③ 勝訴: しょうそ ③ 勝訴: 승소
① victory & defeat, success & failure, outcome ② victory, success, win ③ lawsuit victory
A phono-semantic compound combining the semantic 'power (力)' to the phonetic 'sovereign I(朕)' originally meaning closing a water leak on a boat (⺼), later used for 'exert' and 'prevail'.
100: 勞 (350x)
C J K
劳 労 勞
力 7
力 7
力 12
① 劳动: láodòng ① 労働: ろうどう ① 勞動: 노동
② 过劳: guòláo ② 過労: かろう ② 過勞: 과로
③ 劳工: láogōng ④ 労組: ろうそ ④ 勞組: 노조
① work, labor, toil ② s[[train, over-burdened, overexertion ③ laborer, worker ④ labor union, trade union
A compound ideogram assembled with 'power (力)' and the top componet (炏) of 'lamplight (熒)', meaning that a house (冖) on fire is put out through 'toil'.
101: 勢 (439x)
C J K
力 8
力 13
力 13
① 势力: shìlì ① 勢力: せいりょく ① 勢力: 세력
② 优势: yōushì ② 優勢: ゆうせい ② 優勢: 우세
③ 势头: shìtóu ④ 実勢: じっせい ④ 實勢: 실세
① power, influence ② dominance, advantage ③ momentum ④ real power, actual power
A phono-semantic compound between the semantic 'power (力)' and the phonetic 'sow (埶)', meaning that the buds of the planted seeds sprout and grow 'strong(er)' by the day.
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