https://DevOpsCloud.io -- Cloud Monk Losang Jinpa, Ph.D., MCSE/MCT, GitOps DevOps Engineer

ability, faculty, competence

C J K

能能能

néng のう (nou) 능 /nɜŋ/

⺼ 10

① 能力: nénglì ① 能力: のうりょく ① 能力: 능력

② 可能: kěnéng ② 可能: かのう ② 可能: 가능

③ 无能: wúnéng ③ 無能: むのう ③ 無能: 무능

① ability, competence, capacity ② possible, feasible ③ incompetent, inept

A pictogram depicting and originally meaning bear, the animal, later coming to mean 'ability' for its many wondrous attributes. 'Fire (灬)' was later added for the original meaning of bear (熊).

609: 脫

strip, peel

C J K

脱脱脫

tuō だつ (datsu) 탈 /tʌl/

⺼ 11

① 脱水: tuō shuǐ ① 脱水: だっすい ① 脫水: 탈수

② 摆脱: bǎituō ② 脱出: だっしゅつ ② 脫出: 탈출

③ 偷税: tōushuì ③ 脱税: だつぜい ③ 脫稅: 탈세

① dehydration ② escape, extrication, free oneself from ③ tax evasion

A phono-semantic compound between the semantic 'flesh (⺼)' and the simultaneous phonetic and semantic 'exchange (兌)', originally meaning 'strip' an animal's flesh from the bones, later coming to mean 'peel' or 'escape'.

610: 臣

servant, vassal, official

C J K

臣臣臣

c[[hén]] しん (shin) 신 /sɪn/

臣 6

① 臣下: c[[hén]]xià ① 臣下: しんか ① 臣下: 신 하

② 忠臣: zhōng c[[hén]] ② 忠臣: ちゅうしん ② 忠臣: 충 신

③ 大臣: dà c[[hén]] ③ 大臣: だいじん ③ 大臣: 대 신

① servant, vassal ② loyal subject, faithful official ③ cabinet minister, chancellor

A pictogram depicting the eye of a court retainer lying prostrate before his lord or master, meaning 'vassal' or 'servant'.

611: 自

self, personal

C J K

自自自

zì じ (ji) 자 /dʒa/

自 6

① 自己: zì jǐ ① 自己: じこ ① 自己: 자 기

② 自信: zì xìn ② 自信: じしん ② 自信: 자 신

③ 自制: zì zhì ③ 自制: じせい ③ 自制: 자 제

① self, oneself ② self-confidence ③ self-res[[traint, self-control, self-discipline

A pictogram depicting the human nose, meaning 'self', originally meaning 'nose', since the practice was, and is, especially in China, in pointing to one's nose to indicate him- or herself. Later 'give (畀)' was added to 自 for 'nose (鼻)'.

612: 至

reach, arrive, extreme

C J K

至至至

zhì し (shi) 지 /dʒ ɪ/

至 6

① 至极: zhì jí ① 至極: しごく ① 至極: 지 극

② 至友: zhì yǒu ③ 至急: しきゅう ④ 至誠: 지 성

⑤ 冬至: dōng zhì ⑤ 冬至: とうじ ⑤ 冬至: 동 지

① extremely, utmost ② best friend ③ urgent, pressing ④ perfect sincerity, wholeheartedly ⑤ winter solstice

A simple ideogram originally depicting an arrow having pierced the 'ground ([]一)' upon having been released from afar, meaning 'arrive'.

613: 致

send, deliver, achieve

C J K

致致致

zhì ち (chi) 치 /tʃ ɪ/

至 10

① []一致: yí zhì ① []一致: いっち ① []一致: 일 치

② 致命: zhì mìng ② 致命: ちめいてき ② 致命: 치 명

③ 导致: dǎozhì ④ 合致: がっち ⑤ 誘致: 유 치

① match, concomitant, consistent ② fatal, deathly ③ cause, bring about ④ agree, concur ⑤ attract, invite

A phono-semantic compound between the semantic and phonetic 'arrive (至)' and 'lash (攵↔攴)', meaning 'use the whip to urge on' or 'achieve'.

614: 與

give, with, together

C J K

与与與

yú よ (yo) 여 /yə/

[]一 3

臼 13

① 与否: yǔfǒu ② 与党: よとう ① 與否: 여 부

② 与党: yǔ dǎng ③ 与野: よや ② 與黨: 여 당

④ 相与: xiāng yǔ ⑤ 寄与: きよ ③ 與野: 여야

① yes or no ② ruling party ③ ruling & opposition parties ④ together, along with ⑤ contribute, service

A compound ideogram combining 'lift together (舁)' and 'to give (与)', originally meaning 'to give', later also coming to mean 'together' or 'with'.

615: 興

rise, excite, prosper

C J K

兴興興

xīng きょう (kyou)/こう (kou) 흥 /hɜŋ/

八 6

臼 16

① 兴味: xìng wèi ① 興味: きょうみ ① 興味: 흥 미

② 兴奋: xīng fèn ② 興奮: こうふん ② 興奮: 흥 분

③ 振兴: zhèn xīng ③ 振興: しんこう ③ 振興: 진 흥

① alluring, engaging, delightful ② exciting, thrilling ③ promote, revitalize, encourage

Originally a pictogram of four hands lifting the guardrails of a well, but became a compound ideogram combining 'lift together (舁)' and 'same (同)', meaning 'raise' or 'rise'.

616: 舊

old, ancient, past

C J K

旧旧舊

jiù きゅう (kyuu) 구 /ɡu/

日 5

臼 17

① 旧式: jiù shì ① 旧式: きゅうしき ① 舊式: 구 식

② 旧交: jiù jiāo ③ 旧制: きゅうせい ④ 親舊: 친구

① outdated, old school ② old friend ③ old system, old order ④ friend, mate, like-minded

A phono-semantic compound between the semantic furry 'owl (雈)' and the phonetic 'mortar (臼)' without the pestle, coming to mean 'old', 'past', or 'ancient'.

617: 舌

tongue

C J K

舌舌舌

shé ぜつ (zetsu) 설 /səl/

舌 6

① 舌头: shé tou ② 舌戦: ぜっせん ② 舌戰: 설전

② 舌战: shé zhàn ③ 毒舌: どくぜつ ③ 毒舌: 독설

③ 毒舌: dúshé ④ 舌禍: ぜっか ④ 舌禍: 설화

① tongue ② argument, back & forth ③ smear, slander ④ trouble brought on by the slip of the tongue

A pictogram depicting the upward projection of the forked tongue of a snake emanating from its open mouth, meaning 'tongue'.

618: 舍

house, residence, give up, discard

C J K

舍舎舍

shě しゃ (sha) 사 /sʌ/

舌 8

人 8

舌 8

① 舍下: s[[hè xià ② 庁舎: ちょうしゃ ② 廳舍: 청사

③ 舍弃: shě qì ④ 校舎: こうしゃ ④ 校舍: 교 사

④ 校舍: xiào s[[hè ⑤ 官舎: かんしゃ ⑤ 官舍: 관 사

① house ② government office building, government complex ③ give up, discard ④ school building ⑤ official residence

A pictogram depicting the side view of a house, meaning 'house', with no relation to the radical 'tongue' (舌).

619: 舞

dance

C J K

舞舞舞

wǔ ぶ (bu) 무 /mu/

舛 13

舛 14

① 舞蹈: wǔ dǎo ① 舞踊: ぶよう ① 舞踊: 무 용

② 舞台: wǔ tái ② 舞台: ぶたい ② 舞臺: 무 대

③ 鼓舞: gǔ wǔ ③ 鼓舞: こぶ ③ 鼓舞: 고 무

① dance ② stage ③ arouse, egg on, drumbeat rally

A pictogram meaning 'dance', derived from 'not (無)', later adding 'mingle (舛)' when 無 came to mean 'not' or 'don't have', since there is little distinction between man and woman or young and old in the act of dancing.

620: 船

ship, boat, vessel

C J K

船船船

chuán せん (sen) 선 /sən/

舟 11

① 船舶: chuán bó ① 船舶: せんぱく ① 船舶: 선 박

② 船长: chuán zhǎng ② 船長: せんちょう ② 船長: 선 장

③ 船主: chuán zhǔ ③ 船主: せんしゅ ④ 船荷: 선 하

① ship, seafaring vessel ② captain, skipper ③ shipowner ④ lading, freight

A phono-semantic compound between the semantic 'boat (舟)' and the phonetic 'marsh (㕣)', meaning a 'boat' is a vessel that follows the current of the water.

621: 良

good, benign

C J K

良良良

liáng りょう (ryou) 량/양 /ryʌŋ//yʌŋ/

艮 7

① 良好: liánghǎo ① 良好: りょうこう ① 良好: 양호

② 良心: liángxīn ② 良心: りょうしん ② 良心: 양심

③ 良品: liángpǐn ③ 良品: りょうひん ③ 良品: 양품

① good, favorable ② conscience, the inner voice ③ good-quality product

A pictogram depicting a measuring instrument, later coming to mean 'good' or 'benign'.

622: 色

color, hue

C J K

色色色

sè しょく(shoku)/しき(siki)/しろ(siro) 색 /seɡ/

色 6

① 色彩: sècǎi ① 色彩: しきさい ① 色彩: 색채

② 色感: sègǎn ② 色感: しきかん ② 色感: 색감

③ 色相: sèxiàng ④ 顔色: かおいろ ④ 顔色: 안색

① color, hue, tone ② color sensitivity, color awareness ③ charm, appeal ④ countenance, complexion

A compound ideogram combining 'person (人→⺈)' and 'node (㔾→節)', originally meaning 'countenance', later coming to mean 'color' or 'hue'.

623: 花

flower, blossoms

C J K

花花花

huā か (ka) 화 /hɒʌ/

艹 7

① 花草: huācǎo ① 草花: そうか ① 花草: 화초

② 花盆: huāpén ② 花瓶: かびん ② 花盆: 화 분

③ 花园: huā yuán ③ 花園: かえん ③ 花園: 화 원

① flowers, flowering plant ② flowerpot, vase ③ botanical garden

A phono-semantic compound between the semantic 'grass (艸↔艹)' and the phonetic 'change (化)', coming to mean 'flower' when the original character for the word '華' came to stand for 'brilliant' or 'illustrious'.

624: 若

if, supposing, similar, like

C J K

若若若

ruò じゃく (jaku) 약 /yʌɡ/

艹 8

① 若是: ruòshì ① 若し: もし ① 萬若: 만약

② 若干: ruògān ② 若干: じゃっかん ② 若干: 약간

① if, in case, supposing ② somewhat, a little, few

A compound ideogram combining 'grass (艹)' and 'right hand (右)', originally meaning 'pick and choose vegetables', later coming to mean 'if' or 'similar to'.

625: 苦

bitter, hardship, suffering

C J K

苦苦苦

kǔ く (ku) 고 /ɡɔ/

艹 8

① 苦痛: kǔtòng ① 苦痛: くつう ① 苦痛: 고 통

② 苦闷: kǔ mèn ② 苦渋: くじゅう ② 苦悶: 고 민

③ 苦难: kǔnàn ③ 苦難: くなん ③ 苦難: 고난

① pain, agony, suffering ② distress, bitterness, anguish ③ hardship, suffering, trials

A phono-semantic compound between the semantic 'grass (艹)' and the phonetic 'ancient (古)', originally referring to an heinously bitter medicine for dermatitis, later coming to mean 'bitter' or 'hardship'.

626: 英

corolla, blossom, open flower

C J K

英英英

yīng えい (ei) 영 /yə ŋ/

艹 8

① 英国: yīngguó ① 英国: えいこく ① 英國: 영 국

② 英才: yīngcái ② 英才: えいさい ② 英才: 영 재

③ 英雄: yīngxióng ③ 英雄: えいゆう ③ 英雄: 영웅

① England ② talented person, genius ③ hero, heroine

A phono-semantic compound combining the semantic 'grass (艹)' with the phonetic 'center (央)', meaning 'corolla' or 'blossom'.

627: 茶

tea, tea plant, angiosperm

C J K

茶茶茶

chá さ (sa)/ちゃ (cha) 다/차 /dʌ//tʃʌ/

艹 9

① 茶道: chá dào ① 茶道: さどう ① 茶道: 다 도

② 茶礼: chá lǐ ③ 茶室: ちゃしつ ② 茶禮: 차례

③ 茶亭: chá tíng ④ 茶屋: ちゃや ③ 茶房: 다 방

① tea ceremony, the art of tea ② ancestor-memorial rites ③ tea arbor ④ tea dealer, tea house

A phono-semantic compound between the semantic 'grass (艹)' and the phonetic 'remaining (余)', meaning 'tea', but originally a compound between 'tree (木)' and the top component of the cognate 'flower (芲)', meaning 'potted tea', or simply all 'angiosperms'.

628: 草

herbs, grass, straw

C J K

草草草

cǎo そう (sou)/くさ (kusa) 초 /tʃ ɔ/

艹 9

① 草木: cǎomù ① 草木: くさき ① 草木: 초목

② 草原: cǎoyuán ② 草原: そうげん ② 草原: 초원

③ 草食: cǎoshí ③ 草食: そうしょく ③ 草食: 초식

① plants, vegetation ② steppe, savannah ③ herbivorous, herbivore

A phono-semantic compound between the semantic 'grass (艹)' and the phonetic 'early (早)', meaning 'herbs' or 'straw', but originally a pictogram that only added '早' when '艹' became the stand-alone shorthand and the radical form of '艸'.

629: 菜

greens, vegetables

C J K

菜菜菜

cài さい (sai) 채 /tʃe/

艹 11

① 菜蔬: càishū ① 野菜: やさい ① 菜蔬: 채 소

② 野菜: yěcài - ③ 野菜: 야채

④ 菜单: càidān ⑤ 菜食: さいしょく ⑤ 菜食: 채 식

① greens, vegetable ② wild herbs ③ greens, vegetable ④ menu ⑤ vegetarian diet

A phono-semantic compound between the semantic 'grass (艹)' and the phonetic 'pick (采)', meaning 'greens' or 'vegetables' that have been hand-picked.

630: 華

glorious, shine, bright

C J K

华華華

huá か (ka) 화 /hɒʌ/

十 6

艹 10

① 华丽: huá lì ① 華麗: かれい ① 華麗: 화려

② 华人: huá rén ③ 華僑: かきょう ③ 華僑: 화 교

③ 华裔: huá yì ④ 中華: ちゅうか ⑤ 華燭: 화촉

① splendor, brilliance ② Chinese ③ overseas Chinese, Chinese émigrés ④ Chinese ⑤ wedding, marriage ceremony

A pictogram depicting a blossomed flower originally with the same meaning, but when it came to mean 'bright' or 'shining', 花 was created to mean bloomed 'flower'.

631: 萬

ten thousand, many, innumerable

C J K

万万萬

wàn まん (man)/ばん (ban) 만 /mʌn/

[]一 3

艹 12

① 万岁: wàn suì ① 万歳: ばんざい ① 萬歲: 만세

② 万[]一: wàn yī ② 万[]一: まんいち ② 萬[]一: 만일

③ 万物: wàn wù ③ 万事: ばんじ ③ 萬物: 만물

① long live, banzai ② in the unlikely event, just in case ③ all, everything, all of creation

A pictogram depicting a scorpion with pincers, later undergoing transformations and coming to mean many or 'ten-thousand', because scorpions are known to lay many scorplings at birth.

632: 落

fall, drop, decline

C J K

落落落

luò / là らく (raku) 락/낙 /rʌɡ//nʌɡ/

艹 12

① 落叶: luòyè ① 落葉: らくよう ① 落葉: 낙엽

② 落后: luòhòu ③ 急落: きゅうらく ② 落後: 낙후

④ 坠落: zhuìluò ④ 墜落: ついらく ⑤ 落胎: 낙태

① fallen leaves ② fall behind, straggling ③ sudden drop, sharp break ④ fall, crash ⑤ abortion, termination

A phono-semantic compound between the semantic 'grass (艹)' and the phonetic 'river (洛)', originally meaning 'fallen withered leaves', later coming to mean 'drop' or 'fall'.

633: 葉

leaf, petal, period

C J K

叶葉葉

yè よう (you)/は (ha) 엽 /yəb/

口 5

艹 12

① 叶子: yè zi ② 紅葉: こうよう -

② 红叶: hóng yè ③ 葉巻: はまき ④ 葉錢: 엽전

- ⑤ 葉書: はがき ⑤ 葉書: 엽서

① leaf, foliage ② red leaves, autumn colors ③ cigar ④ brass coin ⑤ post card

A phono-semantic compound combining the semantic 'grass (艹)' with the phonetic 'flat wood (枼)', meaning tree 'leaf' or 'petal'.

634: 著

write, book, obvious, apparent

C J K

著著著

zhù ちょ (cho) 저/착 /dʒ ə//tʃʌɡ/

艹 11

艹 12

① 著者: zhùzhě ① 著者: ちょしゃ ① 著者: 저 자

② 著作: zhù zuò ③ 著書: ちょしょ ③ 著書: 저 서

④ 著名: zhù míng ④ 著名: ちょめい ④ 著名: 저 명

① writer, author ② writings ③ book, literary work ④ famous, well-known

A phono-semantic compound between the semantic 'grass (艹)' and the phonetic 'person (者)', meaning that things are 'highly visible' to the eye or are a 'common site', much like the common grass.

635: 藝

art, talent, skill, craft

C J K

艺芸藝

yì げい (gei) 예 /ye/

艹 4

艹 7

艹 18

① 艺术: yì shù ① 芸術: げいじゅつ ① 藝術: 예 술

② 艺能: yìnéng ② 芸能: げいのう ② 藝能: 예능

③ 陶艺: táo yì ③ 陶芸: とうげい ③ 陶藝: 도 예

① art, skill ② artistic attainments ③ ceramic art, pottery

A phono-semantic compound combining the semantic 'grass (艹)' with the phonetic 'plant a tree (埶)', and 'reach (云)', meaning it takes skill or 'talent' to plant and grow vegetation. The Kanji '芸' comes from 'weed (耘↔秐)'.

636: 藥

drugs, medicine, remedy

C J K

药薬藥

yào やく (yaku) 약 /yʌɡ/

艹 9

艹 16

艹 18

① 药草: yàocǎo ① 薬草: やくそう ① 藥草: 약초

② 药材: yàocái ② 薬料: やくりょう ② 藥材: 약재

③ 中药: zhōng yào ③ 漢薬: かんやく ③ 韓藥: 한약

① medicinal herbs, medicinal plants ② medicine, drugs ③ Chinese medicine, herbal medicine

A phono-semantic compound between the semantic 'grass (艹)' and the phonetic 'happy (樂)', meaning a person who is ill becomes progressively better upon taking 'medicinal herbs' or 'medicine'.

637: 虎

tiger

C J K

虎虎虎

hǔ こ (ko) 호 /hɔ/

虍 8

① 老虎: lǎo hǔ ② 白虎: びゃっこ ② 白虎: 백호

② 白虎: báihǔ ③ 虎皮: こひ ③ 虎皮: 호 피

③ 虎皮: hǔ pí ④ 虎穴: こけつ ⑤ 猛虎: 맹 호

① tiger ② white tiger, Siberian tiger ③ tiger skin ④ tiger's den, dangerous place ⑤ tiger's ferocity

A pictogram depicting the side view of a tiger with its legs to the left and tail at the bottom, meaning 'tiger'. 寅 is the third of the twelve signs of the Chinese Zodiac for tiger.

638: 處

place, spot, to get on with sth., deal with sth.

C J K

处処處

chǔ しょ (sho) 처 /tʃ ə/

卜 5

几 5

虍 11

① 处理: chǔ lǐ ① 処理: しょり ① 處理: 처 리

② 处罚: chǔ fá ② 処罰: しょばつ ② 處罰: 처 벌

③ 处女: chǔnǚ ③ 処女: しょじょ ③ 處女: 처녀

① to see to something, treat it, dispose of it ② punishment, penalty ③ virgin, maiden

A compound ideogram combining 'tiger (虍)', 'walk slowly (夂)', and 'desk (几)', meaning 'place' or 'to see to something'.

639: 虛

empty, void

C J K

虚虚虛

xū きょ (kyo)/こ (ko) 허 /hə/

虍 11

虍 12

① 虚空: xūkōng ① 虚空: こくう ① 虛空: 허 공

② 虚心: xū xīn ② 虚心: きょしん ② 虛心: 허 심

③ 虚伪: xū wěi ③ 虚偽: きょぎ ③ 虛僞: 허 위

① sky, space, void ② open-minded, impartiality, disinterest ③ deception, untrue, a lie

A phono-semantic compound between the semantic and phonetic 'tiger (虍)' and 'hill (丘→业)', meaning a large hill is highly visible. The variant '虗' comes from '虛'.

640: 號

mark, sign, call, command

C J K

号号號

háo ごう (gou) 호 /hɔ/

口 5

虍 13

① 号令: hàolìng ① 号令: ごうれい ① 號令:호령

② 信号: xìn hào ② 信号: しんごう ② 信號: 신 호

③ 商号: shāng hào ③ 商号: しょうごう ③ 商號: 상 호

① command, order ② signal, cue, semaphore ③ business establishment, store name

A compound ideogram combining 'sign (号)' and 'tiger (虎)', where 号 originally meant 'wailing' or 'weeping'. 號 is a variant of 号, and 虎 was added for the loud cries also made by tigers.

641: 蟲

insects, worms

C J K

虫虫蟲

chóng ちゅう (chuu) 충 /tʃuŋ/

虫 6

虫 18

① 虫牙: chóng yá ① 虫歯: むしば ① 蟲齒: 충 치

② 昆虫: kūnchóng ② 昆虫: こんちゅう ② 昆蟲: 곤 충

③ 害虫: hàichóng ③ 害虫: がいちゅう ③ 害蟲: 해 충

① tooth decay, dental caries, cavity ② insect, bug ③ pest, vermin

A pictogram originally depicting a coiled snake, later becoming a compound ideogram by combining 'snake (虫)' with 'insects (䖵)', meaning 'insects' or 'crawlers' of all breed.

642: 血

blood

C J K

血血血

xuè けつ (ketsu) 혈 /hyəl/

血 6

① 血压: xuè yā ① 血圧: けつあつ ① 血壓: 혈 압

② 血缘: xuè yuán ② 血縁: けつえん ② 血統: 혈 통

③ 血汗: xuè hàn ④ 血税: けつぜい ④ 血稅: 혈 세

① blood pressure ② blood related, consanguinity ③ sweat & toil ④ heavy taxation, hefty toll

A pictogram depicting a drop of 'blood ([]一→丿)' in a 'chalice (皿)' to represent the blood of a sacrificial animal, meaning 'blood'.

643: 衆

multitude, crowd, masses, public

C J K

众衆衆

zhòng しゅう (shuu) 중 /dʒuŋ/

人 6

血 12

① 众人: zhòngrén ③ 衆生: しゅうせい ③ 衆生: 중 생

② 众多: zhòngduō ④ 観衆: かんしゅう ④ 觀衆: 관 중

③ 众生: zhòngshēng ⑤ 大衆: たいしゅう ⑤ 大衆: 대 중

① everyone ② many, numerous ③ all living things ④ viewers, audience, spectator ⑤ the public, the masses

A compound ideogram originally depicting many 'slaves (㐺)' toiling under the scorching 'sun (日→血)', later coming to mean 'crowd' or 'multitude'. A variant of 眾.

644: 行

go about, walk, do

C J K

行行行

xíng こう (kou)/ぎょう (gyou) 행 /heŋ/

行 6

① 行政: xíng zhèng ① 行政: ぎょうせい ① 行政: 행 정

② 行事: xíng shì ② 行事: ぎょうじ ② 行事: 행 사

③ 行为: xíng wéi ③ 行為: こうい ③ 行爲: 행 위

① administration ② event, function, occasion ③ conduct, behavior, act, deed

A pictogram originally depicting and meaning a four-way intersection, coming to mean 'go about' or 'walk'.

645: 街

street, center, quarter, district

C J K

街街街

jiē がい (gai) / まち (machi) 가 /ɡʌ/

行 12

① 街道: jiē dào ① 街路: がいろ ① 街路: 가 로

② 街头: jiē tóu ② 街頭: がいとう ② 街頭: 가 두

③ 街角: jiē jiǎo ③ 街角: まちかど ③ 街角: 가 각

① street ② street side ③ street corner

A phono-semantic compound between the semantic 'walk (行)' and the phonetic 'prized jade (圭)', meaning 'street' or 'a large and busy four-way intersection must be flat'.

646: 衣

clothes, apparel

C J K

衣衣衣

yī い (i) 의 /ɜɪ/

衣 6

① 衣服: yī fu ① 衣服: いふく ① 衣服: 의 복

② 衣食: yī shí ② 衣食: いしょく ② 衣食: 의 식

③ 衣裳: yī shang ③ 衣料: いりょう ④ 衣食住: 의 식 주

① clothes ② clothes & food, necessities ③ dress, clothes ④ necessities of life, clothing-food-shelter

A pictogram depicting an outer garment, coming to mean 'clothes' and adopting the current form during the Regular Script period.

647: 表

show, outside, exterior

C J K

表表表

biǎo ひょう (hyou) 표 /pyɔ/

衣 8

① 表现: biǎo xiàn ① 表現: ひょうげん ① 表現: 표 현

② 表情: biǎo qíng ② 表情: ひょうじょう ② 表情: 표 정

③ 表决: biǎo jué ④ 表紙: ひょうし ④ 表紙: 표 지

① expression, interpretation, style ② facial expression, pull a face ③ vote ④ front cover, binding

A compound ideogram combining 'feather (手→龶)' with 'clothes (衣→𧘇)', originally meaning 'outer garment', later coming to mean 'outside' or 'outer garment'.

648: 製

make, produce, create

C J K

制製製

zhì せい (sei) 제 /dʒe/

刂 8

衣 14

① 制作: zhì zuò ① 製作: せいさく ① 製作: 제 작

② 制造: zhì zào ② 製造: せいぞう ② 製造: 제 조

③ 制品: zhì pǐn ③ 製品: せいひん ③ 製品: 제 품

① make, produce ② manufacture, production, create ③ finished goods, manufactured goods, product

A phono-semantic compound between the phonetic 'build (制)' and the semantic 'clothes (衣)', originally meaning 'make' clothes by cutting fabric, coming to mean 'make' or 'build'.

649: 西

west

C J K

西西西

xī さい (sai) 서 /sə/

襾 6

① 西洋: xī yáng ① 西洋: せいよう ① 西洋: 서양

② 西欧: xīōu ② 西欧: せいおう ② 西歐: 서 구

③ 大西洋: dà xī yáng ③ 大西洋: たいせいよう ③ 大西洋: 대 서양

① the West, Western Civilization ② Western Europe ③ the Atlantic Ocean

A pictogram depicting a bird's nest and their return to roost at sundown, adopting the current form during the Regular script period and coming to mean 'west'.

650: 要

important, essential, necessary

C J K

要要要

yào よう (you) 요 /yɔ/

襾 9

① 要件: yàojiàn ① 要件: ようけん ① 要件: 요건

② 要点: yàodiǎn ② 要点: ようてん ② 要點: 요점

③ 要求: yāoqiú ③ 要求: ようきゅう ③ 要求: 요구

① important matter, requirement ② main point, crux, gist, rudiments ③ demand, strong request

A pictogram originally depicting 'two hands (𦥑)' clasping the 'waist (交)' and meaning 'waist', later coming to mean 'important'. Later, 'flesh (⺼)' was added to make '腰' for 'waist'.

651: 見

see, look

C J K

⻅見見

jiàn けん (ken)/み (mi) 견/현 /ɡyən//hyən/

⻅ 4

見 7

① 看见: kàn jiàn ③ 見聞: けんぶん ③ 見聞: 견 문

② 再见: zài jiàn ④ 見本: みほん ④ 見本: 견본

③ 见闻: jiàn wén ⑤ 偏見: へんけん ⑤ 偏見: 편 견

① see, look ② see you again, good-bye ③ information, knowledge ④ insight, observation ⑤ prejudice, bias, bigotry

A compound ideogram combining 'eye (目)' with 'underling (儿)', emphasizing the person doing the looking, meaning 'look' or 'see'.

652: 視

inspect, observe

C J K

视視視

shì し (shi) 시 /sɪ/

⻅ 8

見 11

見 12

① 视角: shì jiǎo ① 視角: しかく ① 視角: 시 각

② 视力: shì lì ② 視力: しりょく ② 視力: 시 력

③ 视听: shì tīng ③ 視聴: しちょう ③ 視聽: 시청

① perspective, point of view, angle ② eyesight, visual acuity ③ see & hear, television viewing

A phono-semantic compound between the phonetic 'indicate (示↔礻)' and the semantic 'see (見)', meaning 'look closely'.

653: 親

intimate, parents, relative

C J K

亲親親

qīn しん (shin) 친 /tʃ ɪn/

亠 9

見 16

① 亲近: qīn jìn ① 親近: しんきん ① 親近: 친근

② 亲戚: qīnqi ② 親戚: しんせき ② 親戚: 친척

③ 亲事: qīn shì ④ 親日: しんにち ④ 親日: 친일

① friendly, close, affinity ② kin, relative ③ marriage ④ pro-Japanese

A phono-semantic compound combining the semantic 'see (見)' and the phonetic variant of 'bitter (辛→亲)', originally meaning what the eyes have seen the body follows or 'reach (至)', but later coming to mean 'intimate' or 'close'.

654: 觀

see, look, view

C J K

观観觀

guān かん (kan) 관 /ɡɒʌn/

⻅ 6

見 18

見 24

① 观点: guān diǎn ① 観点: かんてん ① 觀點: 관 점

② 观光: guān guāng ② 観光: かんこう ② 觀光: 관 광

③ 观念: guān niàn ③ 観念: かんねん ③ 觀念: 관 념

① point of view ② tourism, sightseeing ③ concept, an idea, notion

A phono-semantic compound between the phonetic 'stork (雚)' and the semantic 'see (見)', originally referring to storks closely 'searching' for food, later coming to mean 'view' or 'watch'.

655: 角

horn, angle

C J K

角角角

jiǎo かく (kaku) 각 /ɡʌɡ/

角 7

① 角度: jiǎodù ① 角度: かくど ① 角度: 각 도

② 角逐: juézhú ② 角逐: かくちく ② 角逐: 각축

③ 角落: jiǎoluò ④ 角界: かくかい ⑤ 總角: 총각

① angle, standpoint ② rivalry, competition ③ corner ④ world of Sumo wrestling ⑤ bachelor, unmarried man

A pictogram depicting and meaning an animal 'horn', later also coming to mean 'angle'.

656: 解

separate, solve

C J K

解解解

jiě かい (kai) 해 /he/

角 13

① 解决: jiě jué ① 解決: かいけつ ① 解決: 해 결

② 解释: jiě shì ② 解釈: かいしゃく ② 解釋: 해석

③ 解雇: jiě gù ③ 解雇: かいこ ③ 解雇: 해 고

① solution, resolution ② interpretation, explanation, exegesis ③ layoff, end employment

A compound ideogram combining 'horn (角)', 'knife (刀)' and 'cow (牛)', meaning 'separate' or 'cut the horn from the ox with a knife', also abstracted to mean 'solve'.

657: 言

language, speech

C J K

言言言

yán げん (gen) 언 /ən/

言 7

① 言语: yányǔ ① 言語: げんご ① 言語: 언어

② 言论: yánlùn ② 言論: げんろん ② 言論: 언론

③ 发言: fāyán ③ 発言: はつげん ③ 發言: 발언

① language ② media ③ statement, utterance, remark, speech

A pictogram originally depicting a flute or some other like air instrument on the mouth, adopting the current form during the Regular Script period, and coming to mean 'language' or 'speech'. Written as '訁' and '⻈' when used as a radical on the left-side of a character.

658: 計

plan, sum, total

C J K

计計計

jì けい (kei) 계 /ɡe/

⻈ 4

訁 9

① 计算: jì suàn ① 計算: けいさん ① 計算: 계 산

② 计划: jì huà ② 計画: けいかく ② 計劃: 계 획

③ 统计: tǒng jì ③ 統計: とうけい ③ 統計: 통 계

① count, calculate, reckon ② plan ③ statistics

A compound ideogram combining 'speech (訁)' and 'ten (十)', meaning numerical calculations can be summed' or 'totaled' now that numbers can verbally be counted up to ten.

659: 訓

teach, instruct

C J K

训訓訓

xùn くん (kun) 훈 /hun/

⻈ 5

訁 10

① 训示: xùn shì ① 訓示: くんじ ① 訓示: 훈 시

② 训练: xùn liàn ② 訓練: くんれん ② 訓練: 훈 련

③ 教训: jiào xùn ③ 教訓: きょうくん ③ 敎訓: 교 훈

① instruction, directive ② training, exercise, drill ③ lesson, precept, didactic

A phono-semantic compound between the semantic 'speech (訁)' and the phonetic 'stream (川)', meaning 'instruct' or 'teach' another person like a rivulet flows throw the fields.

660: 記

record, remember

C J K

记記記

jì き (ki) 기 /ɡɪ/

⻈ 5

訁 10

① 记忆: jì yì ① 記憶: きおく ① 記憶: 기 억

② 记述: jì shù ② 記述: きじゅつ ② 記述: 기 술

③ 记者: jìzhě ③ 記者: きしゃ ③ 記者: 기 자

① memory, recollection ② tell, describe, give a written account ③ reporter, journalist

A phono-semantic compound combining the semantic 'speech (訁)' with the phonetic 'body (己)', with reference to 'ink stone (紀)', meaning 'record'.

661: 訪

visit, call upon

C J K

访訪訪

fǎng ほう (hou) 방 /bʌŋ/

⻈ 6

訁 11

① 访问: fǎngwèn ① 訪問: ほうもん ① 訪問: 방 문

② 寻访: xúnfǎng ② 歴訪: れきほう ② 巡訪: 순 방

③ 访华: fǎnghuá ④ 訪日: ほうにち ⑤ 訪韓: 방 한

① visit, call ② search for, round of calls, visitations ③ visit to China ④ visit to Japan ⑤ visit to Korea

A phono-semantic compound between the semantic 'speech (訁)' and the phonetic 'side (方)', originally meaning 'grand scheme', later coming to mean 'visit' or 'call upon'.

662: 設

build, display

C J K

设設設

s[[hè せつ (setsu) 설 /səl/

⻈ 6

訁 11

① 设立: s[[hè lì ① 設立: せつりつ ① 設立: 설립

② 设备: s[[hè bèi ② 設備: せつび ② 設備: 설비

③ 设计: s[[hè jì ④ 設計: せっけい ④ 設計: 설계

① establish, found, incorporate ② equipment, facilities ③ design, plan, layout

A phono-semantic compound combining the semantic 'speech (訁)' with the phonetic 'spear (殳)', meaning a weapon is wielded to compel verbal commands, coming to mean 'display' or 'build'.

663: 許

permit, authorize, license

C J K

许許許

xǔ きょ (kyo) 허 /hə/

⻈ 6

訁 11

① 许可: xǔ kě ① 許可: きょか ① 許可: 허 가

② 许诺: xǔnuò ③ 許容: きょよう ③ 許容: 허 용

- ④ 特許: とっきょ ④ 特許: 특 허

① approval, license ② promise ③ permission, sanction ④ patent, charter

A phono-semantic compound between the semantic 'speech (訁)' and the phonetic 'noon (午)', meaning 'approve' or 'permit' given that 'noon (午)' carries the connotation of 'pierce' or 'penetration'.

664: 試

test, attempt

C J K

试試試

shì し (shi) 시 /sɪ/

⻈ 8

訁 13

① 试验: shì yàn ① 試験: しけん ① 試驗: 시 험

② 试图: shì tú ② 試図: しと ② 試圖: 시 도

③ 试行: shì xíng ③ 試行: しこう ③ 試行: 시 행

① test, examination ② attempt, try ③ trial run, try out, make an attempt

A phono-semantic compound combining the semantic 'speech (訁)' with the phonetic 'rule or statute (式)', meaning 'test' or 'examine'.

665: 詩

poetry, poem, verse, ode

C J K

诗詩詩

shī し (shi) 시 /sɪ/

⻈ 8

訁 13

① 诗集: shī jí ① 詩集: ししゅう ① 詩集: 시집

② 诗篇: shīpiān ② 詩篇: しへん ② 詩篇: 시 편

③ 诗人: shī rén ③ 詩人: しじん ③ 詩人: 시 인

① book of poems, poetry anthology ② poem, the Psalms ③ poet

A phono-semantic compound between the semantic 'speech (訁)' and the phonetic 'serve (寺)', meaning 'poem' or 'poetry' is that which is in the heart expressed through words.

666: 話

speech, talk, language

C J K

话話話

huà わ (wa) 화 /hɒʌ/

⻈ 8

訁 13

① 话题: huà tí ① 話題: わだい ① 話題: 화 제

② 话语: huà yǔ ③ 対話: たいわ ③ 對話: 대 화

③ 会话: huì huà ④ 会話: かいわ ④ 會話: 회 화

① topic, subject, issue ② words ③ discussion, dialogue, talks ④ talk, chat, conversation

A phono-semantic compound combining the semantic 'speech (訁)' with the phonetic 'silence (氏+口→舌)', originally meaning 'adage' or 'proerb', later coming to mean 'speech' or 'talk'.

667: 認

recognize, know, understand

C J K

认認認

rèn にん (nin) 인 /ɪn/

⻈ 4

訁 14

① 认识: rènshi ① 認識: にんしき ① 認識: 인 식

② 认定: rèn dìng ② 認定: にんてい ② 認定: 인 정

③ 否认: fǒurèn ③ 否認: ひにん ③ 否認: 부 인

① recognize, know, understand ② acknowledgment, admit, accept ③ deny, refute

A phono-semantic compound between the semantic 'speech (訁)' and the phonetic 'endure (忍)', originally meaning 'hold your tongue' or 'put up with it', later coming to mean 'recognize' or 'know'.

668: 語

language, speech, expression

C J K

语語語

yǔ ご (go) 어 /ə/

⻈ 9

訁 14

① 语言学: yǔ yánxué ① 語学: ごがく ① 語學: 어 학

② 语汇: yǔ huì ② 語彙: ごい ② 語彙: 어휘

③ 语音: yǔ yīn ④ 語源: ごげん ⑤ 隱語: 은어

① linguistics, philology ② vocabulary ③ pronunciation ④ etymology ⑤ slang, cant, argot

A phono-semantic compound between the semantic 'speech (訁)' and the phonetic 'I, my (吾)', meaning 'verbal expression' or 'speech'.

669: 誠

sincere, honest, true, real

C J K

诚誠誠

c[[héng]] せい (sei) 성 /sə ŋ/

⻈ 8

訁 13

① 诚实: c[[héng]]shí ① 誠実: せいじつ ① 誠實: 성 실

② 诚心: c[[héng]]xīn ② 誠心: せいしん ② 誠心: 성 심

③ 忠诚: zhōng c[[héng]] ③ 忠誠: ちゅうせい ③ 忠誠: 충 성

① integrity, honesty, true ② sincerity, wholeheartedness, true heart ③ loyalty, allegiance

A phono-semantic compound between the semantic 'speech (訁)' and the phonetic 'attain (成)', meaning 'sincere', 'honest' or spoken words and conduct correspond.

670: 誤

err, miss, mistake

C J K

误誤誤

wù ご (go) 오 /ɔ/

⻈ 9

訁 14

① 误谬: wùmiù ① 誤謬: ごびゅう ① 誤謬: 오 류

② 误会: wù huì ② 誤解: ごかい ② 誤解: 오 해

③ 误差: wùchā ③ 誤差: ごさ ③ 誤差: 오 차

① error, fault, mistake ② misunderstand ③ numerical error, calculation error

A phono-semantic compound between the semantic 'speech (訁)' and the phonetic 'loudly speaking (吳)', meaning it is easy to 'err' or 'miss' something when speaking loudly.

671: 說

speak, talk

C J K

说説說

shuō せつ (setsu) 설 /səl/

⻈ 9

訁 14

① 说明: shuō míng ① 説明: せつめい ① 說明: 설명

② 说服: shuō fú ② 説得: せっとく ② 說得: 설득

③ 传说: chuán shuō ③ 伝説: でんせつ ③ 傳說: 전설

① explanation, description ② persuasion, pacify ③ legend, tradition

A phono-semantic compound combining the semantic 'speech (訁)' and the phonetic 'sharp (兌)', meaning 'speak' and also carrying the connotation of 'pacify', 'persuade'.

672: 調

mix, blend

C J K

调調調

diào ちょう (chou) 조 /dʒ ɔ/

⻈ 10

訁 15

① 调达: tiáodá ① 調達: ちょうたつ ① 調達: 조 달

② 调和: tiáohé ② 調和: ちょうわ ② 調和: 조 화

③ 调查: diàochá ③ 調査: ちょうさ ③ 調査: 조 사

① supply, purvey, procure ② harmony, accord, agreement ③ investigation, probe, inquiry

A phono-semantic compound combining the semantic 'speech (訁)' with the phonetic 'circle (周)', meaning 'blend' or talk makes mixing and mingling possible.

673: 誰

who, whom

C J K

谁誰誰

shéi すい (sui) 수 /su/

⻈ 10

訁 15

① 谁人: shéirén - -

② 谁边: shéibiān - -

③ 谁个: shéigè ④ 誰何: すいか ④ 誰何: 수 하

① who ② where ③ which one ④ anyone, whoever

A phono-semantic compound between the semantic 'speech (訁)' and the phonetic 'bird (隹)', meaning 'who' or 'whom'.

674: 課

lesson, course

C J K

课課課

kè か (ka) 과 /ɡɒʌ/

⻈ 10

訁 15

① 课程: kè c[[héng]] ① 課程: かてい ① 課程: 과 정

② 课题: kè tí ② 課題: かだい ② 課題: 과 제

③ 课外: kè wài ③ 課外: かがい ③ 課外: 과 외

① course, task, assignment, agenda, curriculum ② theme, issue, problem ③ extracurricular, after-school

A phono-semantic compound combining the semantic 'speech (訁)' with the phonetic 'fruit (果)', originally meaning 'put to test one's ability', later coming to mean 'studies' or 'scholar ship'.

675: 談

talk, conversation

C J K

谈談談

tán だん (dan) 담 /dʌm/

⻈ 10

訁 15

① 谈论: tánlùn ① 談話: だんわ ① 談論: 담론

② 面谈: miàn tán ② 面談: めんだん ② 面談: 면 담

③ 商谈: shāng tán ④ 相談: そうだん ④ 相談: 상 담

① discourse, colloquy ② interview ③ negotiation ④ consultation

A phono-semantic compound between the semantic 'speech (訁)' and the phonetic 'lucid (淡→炎)', meaning 'clear' and 'transparent' speech.

676: 論

debate, argue, discourse

C J K

论論論

lún ろん (ron) 론/논 /rɔn//nɔn/

⻈ 6

訁 15

① 论议: lùnyì ① 論議: ろんぎ ① 論議: 논의

② 论文: lùnwén ② 論文: ろんぶん ② 論文: 논문

③ 舆论: yúlùn ③ 世論: よろん ③ 輿論: 여론

① discourse, discussion ② essay, thesis, dissertation ③ public opinion, popular sentiment

A phono-semantic compound combining the semantic 'speech (訁)' and the phonetic 'logical order (侖)', meaning 'speak in logical sequence' or 'debate'.

677: 請

ask, request

C J K

请請請

qǐng せい (sei) 청 /tʃ ə ŋ/

⻈ 10

訁 15

① 请求: qǐngqiú ① 請求: せいきゅう ① 請求: 청구

② 请愿: qǐngyuàn ② 請願: せいがん ② 請願: 청원

③ 请托: qǐngtuō ③ 請託: せいたく ③ 請託: 청탁

① claim, billing, ask, request ② petition ③ solicitation

A phono-semantic compound between the semantic 'speech (訁)' and the phonetic 'cyan (青)', meaning verbally make a 'request' or 'ask'. 青 was derived from 'genuine e[[motion (情)'.

678: 諸

all, many

C J K

诸諸諸

zhū しょ (sho) 제 /dʒe/

⻈ 10

訁 15

訁 16

① 诸般: zhū bān ① 諸般: しょはん ① 諸般: 제 반

② 诸君: zhū jūn ② 諸君: しょくん ② 諸君: 제 군

① all, every ② Ladies & Gentlemen

A phono-semantic compound combining the semantic 'speech (訁)' and the phonetic 'person (者)', meaning 'several' or 'many'.

679: 講

lecture, recitation

C J K

讲講講

jiǎng こう (kou) 강 /ɡʌŋ/

⻈ 6

訁 17

① 讲演: jiǎng yǎn ② 講演: こうえん ② 講演: 강연

③ 讲座: jiǎng zuò ③ 講座: こうざ ③ 講座: 강좌

④ 讲义: jiǎng yì ⑤ 講義: こうぎ ⑤ 講義: 강 의

① lecture ② speech, address ③ lecture series ④ teaching material ⑤ lecture

A phono-semantic compound between the semantic 'speech (訁)' and the phonetic 'pile up (冓)', originally meaning 'reconcile', later coming to mean 'lecture' and also 'learning'.

680: 謝

thank, apologize, decline

C J K

谢謝謝

xiè しゃ (sha) 사 /sʌ/

⻈ 12

訁 17

① 谢意: xiè yì ① 謝意: しゃい ① 謝意: 사 의

② 谢罪: xiè zuì ② 謝罪: しゃざい ② 謝罪: 사죄

③ 谢绝: xiè jué ③ 謝絶: しゃぜつ ③ 謝絶: 사 절

① gratitude, thankfulness ② apology ③ decline, refuse, turn down

A phono-semantic compound combining the semantic 'speech (訁)' with the phonetic 'emit (射)', meaning 'leave upon informing of one's departure' or 'an arrow fired from a bow', later coming to mean 'thanks' or 'gratitude'.

681: 證

proof, evidence

C J K

证証證

zhèng しょう (shou) 증 /dʒɜŋ/

⻈ 7

訁 12

訁 19

① 证明: zhèng míng ① 証明: しょうめい ① 證明: 증 명

② 证书: zhèngshū ② 証書: しょうしょ ② 證書: 증 서

③ 证券: zhèngquàn ③ 証券: しょうけん ③ 證券: 증 권

① proof, evidence, testimony ② bond, deed, certificate ③ securities, stocks & bonds

A phono-semantic compound between the semantic 'speech (訁)' and the phonetic 'rise (登)', derived from 'clearly demonstrate the facts' coming to mean 'evidence' or 'proof'.

682: 識

recognize, understand, know

C J K

识識識

shí しき (shiki) 식 /sɪɡ/

⻈ 7

訁 19

① 识别: shí bié ① 識別: しきべつ ① 識別: 식 별

② 意识: yì shí ② 意識: いしき ② 意識: 의 식

③ 有识: yǒushí ③ 有識: ゆうしき ③ 有識: 유 식

① discernment, discrimination ② consciousness, awareness ③ learned, knowledgeable

A phono-semantic compound combining the semantic 'speech (訁)' and the old phonetic 'know (識→戠)', meaning that it is through the sound of 'speech (音)' that the truth or falsehood of something is known, meaning 'know' or 'recognize'.

683: 議

consult, talk over, discuss

C J K

议議議

yì ぎ (gi) 의 /ɜɪ/

⻈ 5

訁 20

① 议论: yìlùn ① 議論: ぎろん ① 議論: 의논

② 议会: yì huì ② 議会: ぎかい ② 議會: 의 회

③ 抗议: kàngyì ③ 抗議: こうぎ ③ 抗議: 항 의

① discuss, confer, seek advice ② parliament, congress, assembly, council ③ protest, object

A phono-semantic compound between the semantic 'speech (訁)' and the phonetic 'right (義)', meaning 'deliberate' or 'discuss' worldly matters of right and wrong, just and unjust, in a philosophical light.

684: 讀

read, study

C J K

读読讀

dòu どく (doku) 독 /dɔɡ/

⻈ 10

訁 14

訁 22

① 读书: dúshū ① 読書: どくしょ ① 讀書: 독서

② 默读: mòdú ② 黙読: もくどく ② 默讀: 묵독

③ 朗读: lǎngdú ③ 朗読: ろうどく ③ 朗讀: 낭독

① reading ② silent reading ③ read aloud, recitation

A phono-semantic compound combining the semantic 'speech (訁)' and the phonetic 'sell (賣)', meaning 'read' aloud just as a merchant advertises loudly to move his goods.

685: 變

change, alter, transform

C J K

变変變

biàn へん (hen) 변 /byən/

又 8

夂 9

訁 23

① 变化: biàn huà ① 変化: へんか ① 變化: 변 화

② 变种: biànzhǒng ② 変種: へんしゅ ② 變種: 변 종

③ 变革: biàn gé ③ 変革: へんかく ③ 變革: 변 혁

① change, transform, variation ② mutation ③ reform, revolution, upheaval

A phono-semantic compound between the phonetic 'dizzy (䜌)' and the semantic 'strike (攴→攵)', originally meaning 'forge & hammer to make one', later coming to mean 'fix' or 'change'.

686: 讓

yield, concede

C J K

让譲讓

ràng じょう (jou) 양 /yʌŋ/

⻈ 5

訁 20

訁 24

① 让步: ràngbù ① 譲歩: じょうほ ① 讓步: 양보

② 让渡: ràngdù ② 譲渡: じょうと ② 讓渡: 양도

③ 辞让: círàng ③ 辞譲: じじょう ③ 辭讓: 사양

① concession, compromise ② transfer, conveyance ③ polite refusal, turn down, deferment

A phono-semantic compound combining the semantic 'speech (訁)' with the phonetic 'aid (襄)', originally meaning 'verbally admonish another', later coming to mean 'make allowances for' or 'hold back'.

687: 豆

beans, peas

C J K

豆豆豆

dòu とう (tou) 두 /du/

豆 7

① 豆腐: dòufu ① 豆腐: とうふ ① 豆腐: 두 부

② 豆乳: dòurǔ ② 豆乳: とうにゅう ② 豆乳: 두 유

③ 土豆: tǔ dòu ④ 緑豆: りょくとう ④ 綠豆: 녹두

① tofu, bean-curd ② soybean milk ③ potato ④ mung bean, green gram

A pictogram originally depicting a top-heavy vessel like a goblet or chalice, later undergoing transformations during the Regular Script period and coming to mean 'beans'.

688: 豐

abundant, plentiful

C J K

丰豊豐

fēng ほう (hou) 풍 /puŋ/

丨 4

豆 13

豆 18

① 丰盛: fēng s[[hèng ① 豊穣: ほうじょう ① 豐盛: 풍 성

② 丰年: fēngnián ② 豊年: ほうねん ② 豐年: 풍년

③ 丰富: fēng fù ③ 豊富: ほうふ ③ 豐富: 풍 부

① abundant, ample, prosperity ② good year, productive year ③ abundance, wealth

A pictogram depicting bountiful crops from harvest placed on top of a 'vessel (豆)' to signify a bumper crop, later coming to mean 'abundant' or 'bountiful'.

689: 貝

seashell, money

C J K

⻉貝貝

bèi ばい (bai)/かい (kai) 패 /pe/

⻉ 4

貝 7

① 贝壳: bèiké ① 貝殼: かいがら ② 貝物: 패물

① shell ② seashell crafts

A pictogram depicting a seashell from the time they were used as the medium of exchange, meaning 'money'.

690: 財

wealth, money, riches

C J K

财財財

cái ざい (zai) 재 /dʒe/

⻉ 7

貝 10

① 财产: cáichǎn ① 財産: ざいさん ① 財產: 재 산

② 财团: cáituán ③ 財団: ざいだん ③ 財團: 재 단

④ 财阀: cáifá ⑤ 財閥: ざいばつ ⑤ 財閥: 재 벌

① property, fortune, estate ② consortium, syndicate ③ endowment, foundation ④ tycoon ⑤ zaibatsu, chaebol, plutocrats

A phono-semantic compound between the semantic 'seashell (貝)' and 'ability (才)', meaning all the 'wealth & property' that a person possesses.

691: 貧

poor, destitute, poverty

C J K

贫貧貧

pín ひん (hin) 빈 /bɪn/

⻉ 8

貝 11

① 贫困: pín kùn ① 貧困: ひんこん ① 貧困: 빈곤

② 贫弱: pínruò ② 貧弱: ひんじゃく ② 貧弱: 빈약

③ 贫血: pín xuè ③ 貧血: ひんけつ ③ 貧血: 빈혈

① poor, impoverished ② lacking, wanting, weak ③ anemia, bloodlessness

A phono-semantic compound combining the phonetic 'divide (分)' and the semantic 'seashell (貝)', meaning 'poverty' follows the dissolution or disintegration of property.

692: 貨

goods, commodities

C J K

货貨貨

huò か (ka) 화 /hɒʌ/

⻉ 8

貝 11

① 货币: huò bì ① 貨幣: かへい ① 貨幣: 화 폐

② 货物: huò wù ② 貨物: かもつ ② 貨物: 화물

③ 货栈: huò zhàn - -

① currency, legal tender ② cargo, lading ③ warehouse, stockpile, store

A phono-semantic compound between the phonetic 'change (化)' and the semantic 'seashell (貝)', meaning 'commodities' or wealth that can be exchanged for other goods or income.

693: 責

obligation, responsibility

C J K

责責責

zé せき (seki) 책 /tʃeɡ/

⻉ 8

貝 11

① 责任: zé rèn ① 責任: せきにん ① 責任: 책 임

② 责骂: zémà ② 叱責: しっせき ② 叱責: 질 책

③ 责备: zé bèi ③ 問責: もんせき ③ 問責: 문 책

① responsibility, liability ② reprimand, scold, rebuke ③ blame, charge

A phono-semantic compound combining the phonetic 'thorn (朿→龶)' and the semantic 'seashell (貝)', originally meaning 'delinquency' or 'default' is a thorn in the side, later coming to mean 'obligation' or 'responsibility'.

694: 貯

store, stockpile, hoard

C J K

贮貯貯

zhù ちょ (cho) 저 /dʒ ə/

⻉ 8

貝 12

① 贮藏: zhùcáng ① 貯蔵: ちょぞう ① 貯藏: 저 장

② 贮蓄: zhù xù ② 貯蓄: ちょちく ② 貯蓄: 저축

③ 贮水: zhù shuǐ ④ 貯金: ちょきん ④ 貯金: 저 금

① store, save, keep ② savings]], hoarding ③ stored water ④ stored funds, deposit savings]]

A phono-semantic compound between the semantic 'seashell (貝)' and the phonetic 'accumulate (宁→貯)', meaning 'accrue' or 'expand' one's wealth.

695: 買

buy, purchase

C J K

买買買

mǎi ばい (bai)/かい (kai) 매 /me/

乛 6

貝 12

① 买入: mǎirù ① 買取: かいとり ① 買入: 매 입

② 买货: mǎihuò ② 買収: ばいしゅう ② 買收: 매 수

③ 购买: gòumǎi ③ 購買: こうばい ③ 購買: 구 매

① buy ② purchase, acquisition ③ procure, buy

A phono-semantic compound combining the phonetic 'net (网→罒)' and the semantic 'seashell (貝)', originally meaning 'wrap all of one's possessions in a parcel for exchange', later coming to mean 'buy' or 'purchase'.

696: 貴

precious, valuable

C J K

贵貴貴

guì き (ki) 귀 /ɡyuɪ/

⻉ 9

貝 12

① 贵重: guìzhòng ① 貴重: きちょう ① 貴重: 귀 중

② 贵族: guì zú ② 貴族: きぞく ② 貴族: 귀족

③ 贵宾: guìbīn ③ 貴賓: きひん ③ 貴賓: 귀빈

① precious, valuable ② aristocrat, noble ③ notable guest, VIP

A phono-semantic compound between the phonetic 'straw basket (蕢→臾)' and the semantic 'seashell (貝)', originally meaning 'high general prices', later coming to mean 'valuable' or 'precious'.

697: 賀

congratulate, felicitation

C J K

贺賀賀

hè が (ga) 하 /hʌ/

⻉ 9

貝 12

① 贺礼: hè lǐ ② 賀正: がしょう ③ 賀禮: 하례

④ 祝贺: zhù hè ④ 祝賀: しゅくが ④ 祝賀: 축하

① congratulatory gifts, handsel ② Happy New Year! ③ celebratory occasion, congratulatory party ④ congratulation, greetings

A phono-semantic compound combining the phonetic 'increase (加)' and the semantic 'seashell (貝)', coming to mean 'congratulate', in keeping with the tradition of giving alms or handsel on festivities.

698: 賞

reward, grant, bestow

C J K

赏賞賞

shǎng しょう (shou) 상 /sʌ ŋ/

⻉ 12

貝 15

① 赏金: shǎng jīn ① 賞金: しょうきん ① 賞金: 상 금

② 赏光: shǎng guāng ③ 褒賞: ほうしょう ③ 褒賞: 포 상

④ 赏罚: shǎng fá ④ 賞罰: しょうばつ ④ 賞罰: 상 벌

① prize money, monetary reward ② visit ③ prize, reward ④ reward & punishment

A phono-semantic compound between the phonetic 'rather(尚)' and the semantic 'seashell (貝)'. meaning 'reward' or 'bestow' in keeping with the practice of granting moneys as prizes.

699: 賢

good, benign, talented

C J K

贤賢賢

xián けん (ken) 현 /hyən/

⻉ 8

貝 15

① 贤明: xián míng ① 賢明: けんめい ① 賢明: 현 명

② 贤者: xiánzhě ② 賢人: けんじん ② 賢人: 현 인

③ 贤德: xiándé ④ 賢答: けんとう ④ 賢答: 현답

① wisdom, prudence ② sage, wise man ③ virtue ④ repartee

A phono-semantic compound combining the phonetic 'merciful (臤)' and the semantic 'seashell (貝)', originally meaning 'wealthy', later coming to mean 'benevolent' from the thought that one must be well-off to do good deeds.

700: 賣

sell, vend

C J K

卖売賣

mài ばい (bai) 매 /me/

士 8

士 7

貝 15

① 买卖: mǎimai ① 売買: ばいばい ① 賣買: 매 매

② 卖光: màiguāng ② 完売: かんばい ② 賣盡: 매 진

③ 卖春: màichūn ③ 売春: ばいしゅん ③ 賣春: 매 춘

① buying & selling, trade ② sell out, sold out ③ prostitution

A phono-semantic compound between the phonetic 'scholar (士)' and the semantic 'seashell (貝)', originally combined with 'go out (出)' and 'buy (買)', meaning the opposite of buy or 'sell'.

701: 質

matter, substance

C J K

质質質

zhì しつ (shitsu) 질 /dʒ ɪl/

贝 8

貝 15

① 质问: zhì wèn ① 質問: しつもん ① 質問: 질 문

② 质量: zhì liàng ② 質量: しつりょう ② 質量: 질량

③ 资质: zīzhì ③ 資質: ししつ ③ 資質: 자 질

① question, enquiry ② mass, quality and quantity ③ natural endowment, aptitute, quality, attribute, talent

A compound ideogram combining 'wooden block (斦)' with 'seashell (貝)', meaning 'physical matter' or 'substance' pledged or impawned in the process of setting the value of goods or property.

702: 赤

red, scarlet, crimson

C J K

赤赤赤

chì せき (seki) / あか (aka) 적 /dʒ əɡ/

赤 7