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Anaerobic means without air, or, more specifically, oxygen.

It can refer to conditions, to processes, or to organisms.

Anaerobic conditions are ones in which oxygen is excluded or has been used up.

Anaerobic processes (usually biological, but not necessarily) are chemical reactions that do not require the presence of oxygen.

Anaerobic organisms are those which can (and often must) live in environments that lack oxygen.

Anaerobic means "living, active, occurring, or existing in the absence of free oxygen", as opposed to aerobic which means "living, active, or occurring only in the presence of oxygen." Anaerobic may also refer to:

Anaerobic adhesive, a bonding agent that does not cure in the presence of air

Anaerobic respiration, respiration in the absence of oxygen, using some other molecule as the final electron acceptor
Anaerobic organism, any organism whose redox metabolism does not depend on free oxygen

Anammox, anaerobic ammonium oxidation, a globally important microbial process of the nitrogen cycle

Anaerobic filter, an anaerobic digester with a tank containing a filter medium where anaerobic microbes can establish themselves

Anaerobic digestion, the use of anaerobic bacteria to break down waste, with biogas as a byproduct
Anaerobic clarigester, an anaerobic digester that treats dilute biodegradable feedstocks and allows different retention times for solids and liquids

Anaerobic contact process, an anaerobic digester with a set of reactors in series

Hypoxia (environmental) (anaerobic environment), an environment with little or no available oxygen

Anaerobic lagoon, used to dispose of animal waste, particularly that of cows and pigs

Anaerobic exercise, exercise intense enough to cause lactate to form, used in non-endurance sports

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