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Snippet from Wikipedia: Node.js

Node.js is a cross-platform, open-source JavaScript runtime environment that can run on Windows, Linux, Unix, macOS, and more. Node.js runs on the V8 JavaScript engine, and executes JavaScript code outside a web browser.

Node.js lets developers use JavaScript to write command line tools and for server-side scripting. The ability to run JavaScript code on the server is often used to generate dynamic web page content before the page is sent to the user's web browser. Consequently, Node.js represents a "JavaScript everywhere" paradigm, unifying web-application development around a single programming language, as opposed to using different languages for the server- versus client-side programming.

Node.js has an event-driven architecture capable of asynchronous I/O. These design choices aim to optimize throughput and scalability in web applications with many input/output operations, as well as for real-time Web applications (e.g., real-time communication programs and browser games).

The Node.js distributed development project was previously governed by the Node.js Foundation, and has now merged with the JS Foundation to form the OpenJS Foundation. OpenJS Foundation is facilitated by the Linux Foundation's Collaborative Projects program.

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• Provide a Node.js glossary of the top 40 Node.js concepts sorted by the most commonly used. For each concept include a brief description and the URL for the Node.js official documentation. Answer using MediaWiki format.

Creating a glossary for the top 40 Node.js concepts involves highlighting the most crucial aspects of Node.js, a runtime environment that allows for the execution of JavaScript code server-side. This glossary will encompass foundational concepts, core modules, and important APIs, providing a structured overview in MediaWiki format, including brief descriptions and links to the official Node.js documentation for further exploration.

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This glossary outlines key Node.js concepts, offering users insights into the runtime's features and functionalities, complemented by links to the official documentation.

A JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine, designed to build scalable network applications. ; Official Documentation

The default package manager for Node.js, allowing for the management of project dependencies. ; Official Documentation

Reusable blocks of code whose existence does not accidentally impact other code. ; Official Documentation

Used to import modules, JSON, and local files. Modules can be installed via npm or yarn. ; Official Documentation

The object that's actually returned as the result of a `require` call. ; Official Documentation

A standard for structuring and organizing JavaScript code, primarily used in Node.js for modules. ; Official Documentation

Node.js's mechanism to perform non-blocking I/O operations, despite JavaScript being single-threaded. ; Official Documentation

An interface that allows objects to emit named events which cause function objects (“listeners”) to be called. ; Official Documentation

A function passed into another function as an argument to be executed later. ; Official Documentation

An object representing the eventual completion or failure of an asynchronous operation. ; Official Documentation

Syntactic sugar built on top of Promises, making asynchronous code easier to write and read. ; Official Documentation

A minimal and flexible Node.js web application framework, providing a robust set of features to develop web and mobile applications. ; Official Documentation

Node.js's built-in HTTP module to create web servers and handle HTTP requests and responses. ; Official Documentation

An API to interact with the file system in a way modeled on standard POSIX functions. ; Official Documentation

A temporary holding spot for data being moved from one place to another, a way to handle binary data. ; Official Documentation

Abstract interfaces for working with streaming data in Node.js. ; Official Documentation

Node.js provides the ability to spawn child processes for scripts to perform tasks in parallel. ; Official Documentation

A module that allows easy creation of child processes that all share server ports. ; Official Documentation

Provides utilities for working with file and directory paths. ; Official Documentation

Utilities for URL resolution and parsing. ; Official Documentation

Utilities for parsing and formatting URL query strings. ; Official Documentation

Provides cryptographic functionality that includes a set of wrappers for OpenSSL's hash, HMAC, cipher, decipher, sign, and verify functions. ; Official Documentation

An object providing information about, and control over, the current Node.js process. ; Official Documentation

Used to access the environment variables of the system running the Node.js process. ; Official Documentation

Objects that are available in all modules, such as Buffer, __dirname, and __filename. ; s:// nodejs.org/api/globals.html Official Documentation

A file in the root directory of a Node.js project, specifying the metadata associated with the project. ; Official Documentation

A tool for managing multiple Node.js versions. ; Official Documentation

An alternative package manager to npm, known for its speed and reliability. ; Official Documentation

A configuration file for NVM to specify the Node.js version for a project. ; Official Documentation

Functions that have access to the request object (req), the response object (res), and the next middleware function in the application’s request-response cycle. ; Official Documentation

Determining how an application responds to a client request to a particular endpoint. ; Official Documentation

A utility that monitors for any changes in your source and automatically restarts your server. ; Official Documentation

Mechanisms provided by Node.js and frameworks like Express.js to handle errors in applications. ; Official Documentation

Managing and configuring the environment settings for Node.js applications. ; Official Documentation

Creating secure servers using the HTTPS module. ; Official Documentation

Node.js's built-in debugger to debug your applications. ; Official Documentation

Provides APIs for compiling and running code within V8 Virtual Machine contexts. ; Official Documentation

Support for creating secure connections using TLS/SSL through the TLS module. ; Official Documentation

Provides functions to do actual DNS lookup as well as to use underlying operating system name resolution functionalities. ; Official Documentation

This glossary provides a broad overview of the core concepts and functionalities within the Node.js ecosystem, designed to aid developers in navigating and leveraging Node.js for their applications. For more detailed information, refer to the provided links to the official Node.js documentation.

This structured overview encapsulates the foundational to advanced concepts within Node.js, offering descriptions and direct links to the official documentation for users seeking in-depth understanding or specific guidance on Node.js features and best practices.

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