Table of Contents
Ubuntu Linux Unleashed 2021 Edition Index
Symbols
Numbers
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
W
X
Y
Z
Ubuntu Linux Unleashed 2021 Edition Index
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Return to
Ubuntu Linux Unleashed Edition
Symbols
& operator
background processes running
special shell character
VirtualBox commands
&& operators combining commands
* special shell character
\ special shell character
` special shell character
[ ] special shell character
[a z] special shell character
[a-z] special shell character
[az] special shell character
$
$
$ special shell character
built-in variable
$* built-in variable
$ built-in variable
! ! operator
!= operator
< special shell character
<< operator
<< special shell character
> special shell character
>> special shell character
(pipe) special shell character
| operator
special shell character
ubuntu_linux_unleashed_2021_edition_index
" special shell character
' special shell character
Numbers
BASE-T networking
G Ethernet networking
32-bit Ubuntu 64-bit Ubuntu versus
G Ethernet networking
-bit Ubuntu 2-bit Ubuntu versus
BASE-T networking
BASE-T networking
A
A records
AAAA records
ac command
accessing
ACL
setting permissions
Squid
Apache web server
command line
databases
local GUI clients
PostgreSQL
SSH
web browsers
file access time disabling
networks chains
remote access
copying files between machines
Guacamole
key-based logins
online references
SSH server
VNC
shell scripts storing for system-wide access
variable values
accounting user usage statistics
ACID compliance relational databases
ACL
permissions setting
Squid
activity (user) monitoring
Ada
addressing
broadcasting
IPv addressing
IPv addressing
multicasting
NAT
TCP/IP
unicast addressing
adduser command
administration
LDAP
privileges
Adobe Photoshop
afio
all-in-one (Print/Fax/Scan) devices
AllowOverrides directives (Apache web server)
ALSA
Amanda
AND
AND operators
Android mobile development
Android Runtime
Android Studio
Application Framework
applications
ARM processors
Google Play
Linux kernels
RISC processors
Ansible
Apache Tomcat
Apache web server
access control
configuring
.htaccess configuration files
runtime servers
threads
development of
file system authentication
.htaccess configuration files
AllowOverrides directives
Options directives
HTTPS
installing
logging
modules
MPM
online references
overview of
Require directive
runtime servers
apache2.conf files
configuring
DirectoryIndex directive
DocumentRoot directive
GID
Group directive
Listen directive
ServerAdmin directive
ServerName directive
ServerRoot directive
UID
User directive
UserDir directive
security
starting/stopping
threads
virtual hosting
apache2.conf files
API
AppArmor
Application Framework
applications
Android applications
AppArmor
CD/DVD burning applications
Brasero
Linux command line CD creation
Linux command line DVD creation
Ubuntu support
DVD/CD burning applications
Brasero
Linux command line CD creation
Linux command line DVD creation
Ubuntu support
games
Battle for Wesnoth
commercial games
documentation
emulators
FlightGear
Frets on Fire
Frozen Bubble
Game Jolt
GOG.com
Humble
installing from Ubuntu repositories
installing video drivers (proprietary)
itch.io
kid-friendly games
LGDB
online game sources
Scorched D
Speed Dreams
SuperTux
Warsow
Windows games
graphics manipulation applications
Blender
CinePaint
darktable
digiKam
GIMP
Hugin
Inkscape
Krita
nautilus-image converter
netpbm tools
Photoshop
POV-Ray
Radiance
Shotwell Photo Manager
Simple Scan
Xara Xtreme
microservice architectures
multimedia applications
ALSA
CD/DVD burning applications
graphics manipulation applications
music applications
online references
OSS
PulseAudio
sound cards
music applications
Banshee
Rhythmbox
Sound Juicer
productivity applications
Celtx
CrossOver Office
defined
gedit
Heimer
Kile
LaTeX
LibreOffice
LyX
online references
pdfedit
Publican
Texmaker
users (typical)
Windows
Wine
XML Copy Editor
recording/editing sound
security
Startup Applications Preferences
VBA LibreOffice and Office compatibility
video editing applications
Avidemux
Blender
Cinelerra
DaVinci Resolve
Kdenlive
Lightworks
OpenShot Video Editor
PiTiVi
Shotcut
apropos command
APT
apt-get versus
day-to-day usage
finding software
VirtualBox
apt-get APT versus
archives restoring files from
Ardour
arguments (positional)
ARM processors
arrays (RAID)
Art of Unix Programming
ash
Aslett Matt
assessing
needs/resources backup strategies
vulnerabilities
assigning
permissions file systems
values to variables
at command
atomic changes
attacks
autocracking scripts
crackers
external attacks
hackers
internal attacks
script kiddies
spoofing attacks
viruses
war driving
worms
Audacity
Audio CD Extractor. See Sound Juicer
authentication
file systems Apache web server
PAM
autoconf command
autocracking scripts
automatically waking computers from sleep
automating tasks with scripts
availability
localhost interfaces checking availability of
memory space displaying
.avi files
Avidemux
awk text editor
AWS
Azure
B
Back In Time
background jobs moving jobs to
background processes
running backups
afio
Amanda
Back In Time
cloud computing
configuration files version control
copying files
cp command
rsync command
tar command
data loss
Déjà Dup
external hard drives
File Roller
flexbackup
full backups
with incremental backups
on a periodic basis
tar command
incremental backups
kdat
KDE ark archiving tool
levels of
mirroring data
NAS
network storage
online references
restoring files from archives
scheduling tasks full backups on a periodic basis
software
strategies
assessing needs/resources
choosing a strategy
choosing hardware/media
evaluating
full backups on a periodic basis
full backups with incremental backups
home users
incremental backups
inheriting
large enterprises
RAID arrays
simple backup strategies
small enterprises
small offices
system rescue
restoring GRUB boot loaders
saving files from nonbooting hard disks
Ubuntu Rescue disc
tape drive backups
tar command
copying files
incremental backups
restoring files from archives
Ubuntu installations
Unison
version control configuration files
badblocks command
Banshee music application
BaseX
bash
comparisons of expressions
file operators
logical operators
numeric comparisons
strings
local bash shells configuring
batch command
batches changing passwords in
Battle for Wesnoth
Bazaar
configuring
software project management
Berkeley DB
bg command
BigTable
Bikeshed
/bin directory
BIND
configuring DNS servers
online references
BIOS
boot process
Ubuntu bootups troubleshooting
Blender
graphics manipulation
video editing
.bmp files
BOFH
boolean operators combining commands
boot loaders
boot process
GRUB2 installing
GRUB2 boot loaders restoring
Ubuntu installations
boot process
BIOS
boot loaders
Boot-Repair
DHCP activation
GPT
init systems
loading process
MBR
NetBoot
nonbooting hard disks saving files from
PXE
runlevels
services
controlling
running
starting/stopping
Startup Applications Preferences
troubleshooting
Ubuntu troubleshooting
UEFI
Brasero
break statements
bridges
broadcasting
browsers (web)
Chrome
Chromium
database access
Firefox
online references
brute-forcing
Budgie
bugs fixing
Bug Squad
Ubuntu development
built-in variables
bundles (software) Snappy package manager
bunzip2 command
burning CD/DVD
Brasero
Linux command line
CD creation
DVD creation
Ubuntu support
business applications Ubuntu for
byobu multiple terminal operation
bzip2 command
C
C programming
autoconf command
building programs
configuring code
debugging
checking source code
gdb command
gprof command
splint command
symbolic debugging
tracking function time
dependency checking
GCC
macros
makefile targets
makefiles
C++ programming
autoconf command
building programs
configuring code
debugging
checking source code
gdb command
gprof command
splint command
symbolic debugging
tracking function time
dependency checking
GCC
macros
makefile targets
makefiles
CK problem
cabling
fiber-optic cabling
UTP cabling
Caddy
cameras (digital)
Ubuntu support
USB connections
capturing screen images
case statements
Cassandra
cat command
/cd command
cd command
CD tools
CD/DVD burning applications
Brasero
Linux command line
CD creation
DVD creation
Ubuntu support
cdrecord command
Cecilia
Celtx
CFEngine
cgroups
chains
change command
changing
desktop environments
directories
passwords in batches
permissions files/folders
shells
user identities
window managers
Chaos Engineering
Chef
Cherokee
chfn command
chgrp command
children directories
children games for
chmod command –
chown command
chpasswd command
Chrome
Chromium
chroot jail
chsh command
CI/CD tools
Cinelerra
CinePaint
CLI. See command line
client/server database model
Clojure
cloud computing
AWS
Azure
backups
containers
DevOps
Google Cloud
hybrid clouds
IaaS
Juju
Landscape
MaaS
Mojo
online references
OpenStack
PaaS
private clouds
public clouds
reasons for using
SaaS
Sysadmin
Ubuntu
AWS
Azure
considerations for using
Google Cloud
hybrid clouds
IaaS
install instructions
Juju
Landscape
MaaS
Mojo
OpenStack
PaaS
private clouds
public clouds
reasons for using
SaaS
Ubuntu Cloud
VM
VM
CNAME records
COBOL
code packaging Ubuntu development
combining commands
&& operators
! ! operator
| operator
boolean operators
piping
comm command
command line (Linux)
! ! operator
| operator
accessing
apropos command
APT
apt-get versus
day-to-day usage
finding software
background jobs
background processes running
basic commands
BIOS troubleshooting Ubuntu bootups
byobu multiple terminal operation
CD creation
combining commands
&& operators
! ! operator
| operator
boolean operators
piping
command history viewing
commands
combining –
list of
redirecting input/output of
shortcuts
standard input/output
commonly used commands/programs
Coreutils
defined
directories
/bin directory
changing
children directories
confining scripts to directories
copying files
creating
creating files
deleting
displaying contents of files
/etc directory
finding current directory
finding files
/home directory
listing contents of
listing files in directories
moving files
parent directories
permissions
printing directory sizes
printing last lines of files
/proc directory
regular expressions
renaming files
/sbin directory
sorting file contents
/tmp directories
/usr directory
/var directory
wildcard characters
documentation
manual pages
reading
DVD creation
packet writing
session writing
environment variables
file systems
directories
hierarchy of
files/folders
comparisons
compressed files
creating links
downloading
finding differences in files
finding files
finding from indexes
finding similarities in files
listing in directories
listing system information
printing contents of
foreground jobs
GRUB troubleshooting Ubuntu bootups
input string searches
jobs
executing in parallel
listing
kernel ring buffers reading contents of
location of commands printing
logging out of
logins
from remote computers
text-based logins
manual pages
multiple terminal operation
MySQL command line client
network interface configuration
ifconfig command
ip command
ip route command
netstat command
online references
paging through output
piping commands
polite system resets
PostgreSQL command line client
printing resource usage
processes
listing
prioritizing
substituting
reasons for using
REISUB
repeating text
rerunning previous commands
resource usage printing
root accounts
sequence running commands in
sudo command troubleshooting
systems
rebooting
shutting down
text editors
Ubuntu bootups troubleshooting
user accounts
creating
deleting
super user accounts
whereis command
command line (shells)
background processes
pattern-matching
piping commands
commands
& operator running background processes
&& operators
! ! operator
| operator
database commands
history of commands viewing
piping –
printing location of
redirecting input/output
redirecting input/output with shell command line
rerunning previous commands
running in sequence
shortcuts
substituting
wildcard characters
commercial games
community teams testing Ubuntu
comparing files/folders
comparisons of expressions
file operators
logical operators
numeric comparisons
strings
compatibility
free/open-source software MS Office compatibility
LibreOffice Office compatibility
Office free/open-source software compatibility
open-source/free software MS Office compatibility
Ubuntu installations Mac hardware compatibility
compiling
kernels
software
from source
from tarballs
from Ubuntu repositories
compressed files
computers (remote) command line logins
configuration files
Dotfiles
version control
configuring
Apache web server
.htaccess configuration files
runtime servers
threads
bash shells
Bazaar
C/C++ code
configuration management
dotdee
Snappy package manager
Ubuntu Core
DHCP software
dial-up Internet access
disk quotas
DNS servers with BIND
DSL Internet access
/etc directory configuration files
firewalls
GPG keys
hosts (networks) with DHCP
Internet connections common configuration information
kernels
Launchpad work environments
LDAP servers
local bash shells
localhost interfaces
MySQL
networks
command line network interfaces
configuration files
DHCP
/etc/host.conf files
/etc/hosts files
/etc/netplan/*.yaml files
/etc/nsswitch.conf files
/etc/resolv.conf files
graphical configuration tools
nm-connection-editor
NFS
clients
servers
pbuilder
PostgreSQL
power management in Ubuntu
PPP Internet access
PPPoE
printers in Ubuntu
runtime servers Apache web server
Samba
/etc/samba/smb.conf files
global behaviors
security
software repositories
Squid
Squid clients
SSH server
system settings in Ubuntu
Ubuntu
date/time settings
development packages
power management
printer configurations
software repositories
system settings
troubleshooting post-configuration problems
wireless networks
VPN
clients
servers
wireless networks
confining scripts to directories
Conky
connectivity
Internet
checking
common configuration information
dial-up access
DSL access
ISP
Linux commands
online references
PPP access
PPPoE
troubleshooting
Ubuntu commands
VM
console-based monitoring
containers
Docker
Kubernetes
LXC
LXD
online references
contents of directories listing
contents of files
displaying
sorting
converting
graphics
sound files
copying
files between machines (remote access)
files/folders –. See also mirroring
cp command
rsync command
tar command
VM
Coreutils
CouchDB
cp command
crackers
createdb command
createuser command
cron command
CrossOver Office
cups cancel command
cups command
cups disable command
cups enable command
CUPS GUI network printers
cuspreject command
custom kernels
D
D programming language
daemons
AND
Linux
smbd starting/stopping
darktable
Dart
dash
Dash (GNOME)
data SQL tables
inserting data
retrieving data
data directory initialization PostgreSQL
data integrity relational databases
data locking relational databases
data loss
data mirroring
data recovery
GRUB2 boot loaders restoring
saving files from nonbooting hard disks
Ubuntu Rescue disc
databases
accessing
local GUI clients
MySQL
SSH
web browsers
AND operators
client/server model
commands
flat file databases
graphical database clients
MySQL
ACID compliance
command line client
configuring
creating databases
data integrity
data locking
database access
inserting data into tables
mysql command
mysqladmin command
mysqldump command
MySQLGUI
online references
PostgreSQL versus
procedural languages
retrieving data from tables
root user passwords
speed
SQL subqueries
stored procedures
triggers
NoSQL
advantages of
BaseX
Berkeley DB
BigTable
Cassandra
CouchDB
disadvantages of
document stores
etcd
FlockDB
graph stores
HBase
HyperGraphDB
key/value stores
Memcached
MemcacheDB
MongoDB
Neoj
NewSQL and
online references
OrientDB
Redis
Riak
Scylla
UnQL
wide column stores
OR operators
PostgreSQL
ACID compliance
command line client
configuring
creating database users
creating databases
data integrity
data locking
database access
deleting database users
granting/revoking privileges
initializing data directories 9
MySQL versus
online references
pgAdmin
procedural languages
retrieving data from tables
speed
SQL subqueries
stored procedures
triggers
PostgreSQL
creating tables
DBA
inserting data into tables
operation of
SQL basics
Datadog
date/time settings
date command
Ubuntu
DaVinci Resolve
DBA
Debian Linux
debugging C/C++ programming
checking source code
gdb command
gprof command
splint command
symbolic debugging
tracking function time
Déjà Dup
deleting
directories
PostgreSQL database users
user accounts
deluser command
dependency checking
depmod command
desktop environments
Budgie
changing
GNOME
Dash
Mutter
Power icon
Shell
Show Applications icon
GNOME
KDE
Kubuntu
Kylin
Lubuntu
LXDE
MATE
online references
Ubuntu desktops sharing
Ubuntu MATE
widgets
X server
benefits of
components of
display manager
display managers
online references
starting
terminal clients
window manager
xorg.conf files
Xfce
Xubuntu
development (Ubuntu)
Bazaar
fixing bugs
GPG keys
introduction to
Launchpad
creating accounts
work environments
local bash shells configuring
online references
package installation
code packaging
packages
pbuilder
SSH keys
Device section (xorg.conf files)
devices
all-in-one (Print/Fax/Scan) devices
devices.txt files
i2c-dev devices
security
DevOps
Chaos Engineering
CI/CD tools
Sysadmin versus
df command
dhclient command
DHCP
activating
dhcpclient
Dynamic DNS
networks
configuring
host configurations
operation of
servers
software installing/configuring
dial-up Internet access configuring
diff command
differences in files finding
digiKam
digital cameras
Ubuntu support
USB connections
directories
/bin directory
changing
children directories
creating
data directory initialization PostgreSQL
deleting
DIT
/etc directory
files
copying
creating
displaying contents of
finding
listing in directories
moving
printing last lines of files
renaming
sorting file contents
finding current directory
home directories
/home directory
kernel directories
LDAP directories populating
listing contents of
parent directories
permissions
printing directory sizes
/proc directory
regular expressions
/sbin directory
scripts confining to directories
/tmp directories
user directories
/usr directory
shared data
X server
/var directory
wildcard characters
DirectoryIndex directive (Apache web server)
disaster recovery planning
disk quotas
configuring
implementing
managing
display managers X server
displaying
available memory space
contents of files
free space (hard disks)
distributed processing X server
distributions
Linux distributions
included software
versions of
Ubuntu distributions versions of
DIT
dmesg command
DNS
Dynamic DNS
online references
records
A records
AAAA records
CNAME records
MX records
NS records
SOA records
TXT records
requests
search orders
servers
DocBook Publican
Docker
document stores
documentation
apropos command
games
Linux
manual pages
mind maps
reading
TeX documents
Kile
LaTeX
LyX
Texmaker
Ubuntu
Wayland
whereis command
WYGIWYW
DocumentRoot directive (Apache web server)
domains
DNS
online references
records
requests
servers
hostnames
names
root zones
TLD
dotdee
Dotfiles
downloading
files/folders
Ubuntu updates during installation
drivers video drivers (proprietary) installing
dropdb command
dropuser command
DSL Internet access configuring
du command
dual-boot systems Ubuntu installations
dumb gateways
dummy interfaces
DVD installations Ubuntu
dvd+rw-tools
DVD/CD burning applications
Brasero
Linux command line
CD creation
DVD creation
preformatted DVD
Ubuntu support
Dynamic DNS
Dynamo
E
efsck command
echo command
Eclipse
editing
/etc/modprobe.conf files
sound
Ardour
Audacity
Cecilia
LMMS
Mixxx
Rosegarden
text
awk
emacs
gedit
kate
kedit
nano
sed
vi
vim
video
Avidemux
Blender
Cinelerra
DaVinci Resolve
Kdenlive
Lightworks
OpenShot Video Editor
PiTiVi
Shotcut
Elixir
Elm
emacs text editor
email
Autoresponders
virus scanners
embedded spaces resolving strings with
emulators
encrypted files
endless loops
enterprise servers monitoring
environment variables
erasing hard disks Ubuntu installations
Erlang
error messages
redirecting input/output of commands
sudo command
/etc directory
etcd
/etc/host.conf files
/etc/hosts files
/etc/modprobe.conf files
/etc/modprobed files
/etc/netplan/*.yaml files
/etc/nsswitch.conf files
/etc/resolv.conf files
/etc/samba/smb.conf files
etckeeper
ethereal command
Ethernet
G Ethernet networking
G Ethernet networking
Gigabit Ethernet. See BASE-T networking
PPPoE
evaluating backup strategies
event handlers
executing
jobs in parallel
shell scripts
exit statements
expr statements
expressions
comparisons of expressions
file operators –
logical operators
numeric comparisons –
strings –
directories
external attacks
external hard drives backups
F
faillog command
fax machines all-in-one (Print/Fax/Scan) devices
FDDI networks
Fetchmail
fg command
fiber-optic networks
File Roller
file systems
authentication Apache web server
directories
/bin directory
changing
children directories
copying files
creating
creating files
deleting –
displaying contents of files
/etc directory
finding current directory
finding files
/home directory
listing contents of
listing files in directories
moving files
parent directories
printing directory sizes
printing last lines of files
/proc directory
regular expressions
renaming files
/sbin directory
sorting file contents
/tmp directories
/usr directory
/var directory
wildcard characters
hierarchy of
permissions
altering
assigning
changing file groups
changing file permissions
setting with ACL
sgid permissions
sticky bit permissions
suid permissions
viewing/modifying default permissions
Files section (xorg.conf files)
files/folders
apache.conf files
comparisons
compressed files
configuration files version control
copying. See also mirroring –
between machines (remote access)
cp command
rsync command
tar command
creating in directories
disabling access time
displaying contents of
Dotfiles
downloading
encrypted files
/etc/host.conf files
/etc/hosts files
/etc/modprobe.conf files
/etc/modprobed files
/etc/netplan/*.yaml files
/etc/nsswitch.conf files
/etc/resolv.conf files
file operator comparisons –
File Roller
finding
differences in files
from indexes
similarities in files
in Ubuntu
inodes
LDIF files
links creating
listing in directories
log files
checking
rotating
makefiles
mirroring. See also copying
moving
network configuration files
new user home directories
NFS
clients
installing
servers
starting/stopping
password files
permissions
altering
changing file groups
changing permissions
viewing/modifying default permissions
printing
contents of
file sizes
last lines of files
renaming
restoring files from archives
Samba
configuring
/etc/samba/smb.conf files
installing
saving files from nonbooting hard disks
sharing
NFS
online references
Samba
sorting contents of
temporary file storage /tmp directories
time warps
variable data files /var directory
filesystems
performance tuning
synchronizing
find command
finding
directories
files/folders
differences in files
from indexes
similarities in files
in Ubuntu
groups
software with APT
finger information fields
Firefox
firewalls
configuring
iptables
nftables
UFW
.flac files
flat file databases
flexbackup
FlightGear
FlockDB
.flv files
folders. See files/folders
for statements
foreground jobs
formatting DVD
Forth
Fortran
FQDN
free command
free/open-source software Office compatibility
free space displaying
hard disks
memory space
Frets on Fire
Frozen Bubble
fstab command
ftp command
full backups
with incremental backups
on a periodic basis
tar command
functions shell scripts
G
Game Jolt
games
Battle for Wesnoth
commercial games
documentation
emulators
FlightGear
Frets on Fire
Frozen Bubble
Game Jolt
GOG.com
Humble
installing
from Ubuntu repositories
video drivers (proprietary)
itch.io
kid-friendly games
LGDB
online game sources
online references
Scorched D
Speed Dreams
Steam
SuperTux
video drivers (proprietary) installing
Warsow
Windows games
gateways
dumb gateways
smart gateways
GCC
gdb command
gedit
gedit text editor
genprof
GHC
GID
.gif files
Gigabit Ethernet. See BASE-T networking
GIMP
Git software project management
Glade
GNOME
Dash
File Roller
Glade
Mutter
performance tuning
Power icon
Shell
Show Applications icon
GNOME
gnome-nettool
GNU
Coreutils
GCC
GPL development of
Go programming language
GOG.com
Google Chrome
Google Chromium
Google Cloud
Google Play
GParted
gpasswd command
GPG keys
configuring
uploading
GPL development of
gprof command
GPT boot process
granting/revoking privileges PostgreSQL
graph stores
graphical database clients
graphical development tools
Eclipse
Glade
IDE
KDevelop Client
NetBeans
Oracle JDeveloper
SDK
Visual Studio Code
graphical network configuration tools
graphical process tools
Conky
gnome-nettool
vncviewer
Wireshark
graphics
.bmp files
converting
.gif files
image captures
.jpg files
.pbm files
.pcx files
.pgm files
.png files
.pnm files
.ppm files
.svg files
.tif files
graphics manipulation applications
Blender
CinePaint
darktable
digiKam
GIMP
Hugin
Inkscape
Krita
nautilus-image converter
netpbm tools
Photoshop
POV-Ray
Radiance
Shotwell Photo Manager
Simple Scan
Xara Xtreme
grep command
Groovy
Group directive (Apache web server)
group management
finding groups
listing groups
tools
groupadd command
groupdel command
groupmod command
groups command
grpck command
GRUB
recovery mode
reinstalling
Ubuntu bootups troubleshooting
GRUB
boot loaders restoring
installing
Guacamole
GUI
Budgie
GNOME
Dash
Mutter
Power icon
Shell
Show Applications icon
GNOME
KDE
Kubuntu
Kylin
local GUI clients database access
Lubuntu
LXDE
MATE
MySQLGUI
pgAdmin
Ubuntu MATE
Wayland
widgets
X server
benefits of
components of
display manager
display managers
distributed processing
online references
starting
terminal clients
/usr directory
window manager
xorg.conf files
Xfce
Xubuntu
gunzip command
gzip command
H
hackers
hard disks
| operator accessing apropos command background jobs – basic commands – BIOS boolean operators byobu – CD creation – changing directories – command shortcuts commands list – commonly used commands/programs compressed files – confining scripts to directories – copying files Coreutils creating links – defined – directories – downloading files/folders DVD creation – environment variables – executing jobs in parallel – file comparisons file systems – finding differences in files finding files – finding files from indexes finding similarities in files – foreground jobs – GRUB – input string searches – kernel ring buffers listing files in directories – listing jobs listing processes – listing system information – logging out of manual pages – – multiple terminal operation – online references piping commands – polite system resets – printing directory sizes printing disk usage printing file contents – printing resource usage – prioritizing processes – reading documentation – reasons for using – rebooting systems – redirecting input/output of commands – REISUB – remote computer logins – repeating text – rerunning previous commands – root accounts – – running background processes – running commands in sequence – shutting down systems – standard input/output of commands substituting processes super user accounts – – text editors – text-based logins – troubleshooting sudo command – troubleshooting Ubuntu bootups user accounts – – viewing command history whereis command daemons Debian Linux development of – directories – /bin directory changing – children directories copying files creating creating files – deleting – – displaying contents of files /etc directory finding current directory finding files /home directory listing contents of – listing files in directories – moving files parent directories permissions – printing directory sizes printing last lines of files – /proc directory – regular expressions renaming files /sbin directory sorting file contents – /tmp directories /usr directory /var directory wildcard characters distributions included software – versions of documentation – file systems directories – hierarchy of – permissions – filesystems performance tuning – synchronizing GNU GPL development of – HOWTO documents kernels Android mobile development compiling – configuring – creating RAM disk images custom kernels devices.txt files directories – first kernel ide.txt files initrd.txt files kernel oops kernel-parameters.txt files loading make utility modules – obtaining sources – online references – patching – performance tuning – recompiling – security source tree – sysrq.txt files troubleshooting – types of – versions of location of commands printing manual pages – network connectivity commands numbering schema online references paging through output – reasons for using – rebooting systems – security SELinux shells shutting down systems – user accounts creating – deleting video viewing viruses web resources X server benefits of – components of – display manager display managers distributed processing – online references starting terminal clients – /usr directory window manager – xorg.conf files – Lisp Listen directive (Apache web server) listing contents of directories – files/folders in directories – groups – jobs processes – system information – units (services) LMMS ln command – loading process kernels – modprobe command – modules local bash shells configuring local GUI clients database access localhost interfaces checking availability of configuring manually locate command location of commands printing locking data relational databases users out of accounts log files checking – rotating – logging Apache web server – logging out of command line logical operators comparisons logins command line from remote computers – text-based logins – key-based logins – logname command loopback interfaces. See localhost interfaces loops (endless) – loss of data lp command lpc command lpq command lprm command lpstat command ls command – – lsblk command – lshw command – lsmod command – – lspci command – Lua Lubuntu – lusers LXC LXD LXDE – LyX M MaaS Mac hardware Ubuntu installations MAC systems macros – Mail Delivery Agent (MDA) – Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Maildir Versus Mbox make utility makefiles – managing Apache web server .htaccess configuration files – access control configuring – – development of – file system authentication – HTTPS – installing logging – modules – MPM – online references overview of runtime servers – security – starting/stopping – threads virtual hosting – configurations dotdee – Snappy package manager – Ubuntu Core disk quotas groups finding groups listing groups – tools – modules – Nginx web server – building sources – configuring – HTTPS – installing – modules online references PHP – uninstalling virtual hosting – passwords changing in batches – password files – shadow passwords – system password policies sets of servers Ansible CFEngine Chef Juju Landscape online references Puppet – SaltStack – software APT – apt-get – compiling software – configuration management – online references Software Updater – Synaptic – Ubuntu Software software project management Bazaar – Git – Subversion – system management tools Conky – gnome-nettool System Monitor vncviewer Wireshark system resource management APT – apt-get – compiling software – configuration management – online references Software Updater – Synaptic – Ubuntu Software user accounts – adding accounts – administration privileges BOFH changing identities – disk quotas – file permissions GID group management – locking users out of accounts lusers monitoring user activity – online references passwords – root privileges – root user accounts – stereotypes super user accounts system user accounts – tools – Ubuntu commands – UID usernames manual pages – Linux – reading – MATE – MBR boot process MEAN – Memcached – MemcacheDB memory displaying available space Merriman Dwight message block printing – microservice architectures Microsoft Azure mind maps mirroring data mirroring. See also copying Mixxx mkdir command mkisofs command "moat mentality" mobile development Android Android Runtime Android Studio Application Framework – applications ARM processors Google Play Linux kernels RISC processors modifying default file permissions – modinfo command modprobe command – – modprobe.d/ command Module section (xorg.conf files) modules – Apache web server – MPM Apache web server – Nginx web server Mojo MongoDB Monitor section (xorg.conf files) monitoring console-based monitoring – enterprise servers – KDE monitoring tools systems checking log files – Conky – console-based monitoring – disk quotas displaying free hard disk space displaying used memory enterprise servers – graphical process tools – KDE monitoring tools killing processes – online references priority scheduling rotating log files – system management tools – System Monitor user activity – Mono – motd files mounting Samba shares – .mov files moving files/folders jobs background jobs – to background/foreground – foreground jobs – .mp files .mp files .mpeg files MPM Apache web server – MS Office CrossOver Office free/open-source software compatibility LibreOffice compatibility VBA MS-DOS mtr command Internet connections checking – multicasting multimedia applications ALSA CD/DVD burning applications Brasero Linux command line CD creation – Linux command line DVD creation – Ubuntu support graphics manipulation applications Blender CinePaint darktable digiKam GIMP – Hugin Inkscape Krita nautilus-image converter netpbm tools Photoshop POV-Ray Radiance Shotwell Photo Manager Simple Scan Xara Xtreme music applications Banshee Rhythmbox Sound Juicer online references OSS PulseAudio recording/editing sound sound cards – video editing applications Avidemux Blender Cinelerra DaVinci Resolve Kdenlive Lightworks OpenShot Video Editor PiTiVi Shotcut multiple jobs executing in parallel – multiple terminal operation byobu – music applications Banshee Rhythmbox Sound Juicer Mutter mv command MX records MySQL ACID compliance – command line client – configuring – creating databases – data integrity – data locking – database access local GUI clients SSH – web browsers inserting data into tables mysql command mysqladmin command mysqldump command MySQLGUI online references PostgreSQL versus – procedural languages retrieving data from tables – root user passwords speed SQL subqueries stored procedures triggers mysql command mysqladmin command mysqldump command MySQLGUI N Nagios name servers DNS online references records – requests – servers – – setting – naming services – nano text editor – NAS NAT nautilus-image converter needs assessments backup strategies – Neoj neofetch command – NetBeans NetBoot boot process NetCat netmasks. See subnet masks netpbm tools – netstat command networks BASE-T networking G Ethernet networking G Ethernet networking BASE-T networking BASE-T networking accessing chains bridges – broadcasting cabling fiber-optic cabling UTP cabling chains command line network interface configuration ifconfig command – ip command – ip route command netstat command configuring command line network interfaces – configuration files – DHCP – /etc/host.conf files /etc/hosts files – /etc/netplan/*.yaml files – /etc/nsswitch.conf files – /etc/resolv.conf files – graphical configuration tools nm-connection-editor – connections troubleshooting DHCP activating configuring hosts – installing/configuring software – DNS search orders dummy interfaces FDDI networks fiber-optic networks gateways dumb gateways smart gateways hosts adding to /etc/hosts files – configuring with DHCP – hubs initializing hardware – /etc/modprobe.conf files kernel modules – modprobe command – Internet connections – checking – common configuration information – dial-up access – DSL access ISP – Linux commands PPP access PPPoE troubleshooting Ubuntu commands IP masquerading – IPv addressing – IPv addressing – LAN network printers – localhost interfaces checking availability of configuring manually "moat mentality" multicasting name servers – naming services – NAT NIC – online references – printers CUPS GUI – LAN – online references server message block printing – troubleshooting – routers storage backups subnet masks – subnetting – switches TCP/IP addressing – IP masquerading – ports – Token Ring networking troubleshooting connections Ubuntu unicast addressing VPN – configuring clients – configuring servers – online references wireless networks – configuring interfaces selecting protocols Ubuntu support – New Relic new shell programs running – NewSQL newusers command NFS configuring clients – servers – installing starting/stopping nftables Nginx web server – building sources – configuring – HTTPS – installing – modules online references PHP – uninstalling virtual hosting – NIC – BASE-T networking G Ethernet networking G Ethernet networking BASE-T networking BASE-T networking fiber-optic networks promiscuous mode security Token Ring networking wireless network interfaces nice command – Nmap nm-connection-editor – nonbooting hard disks saving files from NoSQL databases – advantages of BaseX Berkeley DB BigTable Cassandra CouchDB – disadvantages of – document stores – etcd FlockDB graph stores HBase HyperGraphDB key/value stores Memcached – MemcacheDB MongoDB Neoj NewSQL and online references – OrientDB Redis Riak Scylla UnQL wide column stores NS records numbering schema Linux kernels numeric comparisons – – O OCaml Office CrossOver Office free/open-source software compatibility LibreOffice compatibility VBA .ogg files .ogv/.ogg files online references Apache web server backups BIND boot process – cloud computing command line containers desktop environments DNS file sharing games HTTP servers Internet connections – kernels – LDAP Linux multimedia applications MySQL network printers networks – Nginx web server NoSQL databases – performance tuning – PostgreSQL programming – programming languages – QA remote access – security – sets of servers shell scripts software management sound Squid system monitoring system resource management testing Ubuntu Ubuntu development user accounts virtualization VPN Wayland web browsers web server stacks X server OpenJDK – OpenLDAP. See LDAP OpenShot Video Editor open-source/free software Office compatibility OpenSSH. See SSH OpenStack – OR operators – optimizing performance – badblocks command efsck command file access time disabling filesystems – GNOME – hdparm command – I/O transfer speeds KDE – kernels – online references – storage disks tunefs command – Tuned Project – Options directives (Apache web server) Oracle JDeveloper OrientDB OSS output commands redirecting – redirecting with shell command line standard input/output paging through – P PaaS packages PPA snap packages – Ubuntu development code packaging – configuring – installing – packet writing Linux command line DVD creation – paging through output – PAM – parallel executing jobs in – parameters (positional) accessing/retrieving variables example of – parent directories partitions planning Ubuntu installations Ubuntu installations passwd command passwords – brute-forcing – changing in batches – MySQL root users password files – shadow passwords – system password policies Ubuntu user accounts patching kernels – pattern-matching .pbm files pbuilder .pcx files pdcsh PDF pdfedit pdksh comparisons of expressions – file operators – logical operators numeric comparisons – strings – performance tuning – badblocks command efsck command file access time disabling filesystems – GNOME – hdparm command – HPC I/O transfer speeds KDE – kernels – online references – storage disks tunefs command – Tuned Project – periodic basis full backups on – peripherals digital cameras scanners Perl permissions directories – file systems – altering permissions – assigning permissions – changing file groups changing file permissions viewing/modifying default permissions – files/folders altering permissions – changing file groups changing permissions viewing/modifying default permissions – setting with ACL – sgid permissions – sticky bit permissions – suid permissions – pgAdmin .pgm files Photoshop PHP – physical security – PID – ping command checking Internet connections – ping command checking Internet connections – pipelines (CI/CD) piping commands – – PiTiVi planning backup strategies assessing needs/resources – choosing a strategy choosing hardware/media – evaluating – full backups on a periodic basis – full backups with incremental backups home users – incremental backups inheriting large enterprises mirroring data RAID arrays simple backup strategies small enterprises small offices disaster recovery plans – partition strategies Ubuntu installations Ubuntu installations – flavors of Ubuntu – partition strategies researching hardware specifications – .png files .pnm files polite system resets – ports TCP/IP networking – Ubuntu network ports uplink ports positional arguments positional parameters accessing/retrieving variables example of – Postfix – PostgreSQL ACID compliance – command line client – configuring creating database users – databases data integrity – data locking database access – local GUI clients SSH – web browsers deleting database users granting/revoking privileges – initializing data directories MySQL versus – online references pgAdmin procedural languages retrieving data from tables speed SQL subqueries stored procedures triggers POV-Ray Power icon (GNOME) power management configuring in Ubuntu – PPA .ppm files PPP Internet access configuring PPPoE – preformatted DVD preinstallation processes Ubuntu – flavors of Ubuntu – hardware specifications – previous commands rerunning – printing all-in-one (Print/Fax/Scan) devices commands location of directory sizes disk usage file contents – file sizes last lines of files – network printers CUPS GUI – LAN – online references server message block printing – troubleshooting – resource usage – server message block printing – sharing printers Samba – Ubuntu printer configurations prioritizing processes – scheduling priorities private clouds privileges administration privileges granting/revoking with PostgreSQL – root privileges – user accounts – /proc directory – procedural languages relational databases processes killing – listing – prioritizing – substituting processors Android mobile development productivity applications Celtx CrossOver Office defined gedit Heimer Kile LaTeX LibreOffice brief history of – components of – Office compatibility VBA LyX online references pdfedit Publican – Texmaker users (typical) Windows Wine XML Copy Editor productivity suites LibreOffice Office compatibility programming Android mobile development Android Runtime Android Studio Application Framework – applications ARM processors Google Play Linux kernels RISC processors Bikeshed – C – autoconf command – building programs – checking source code – configuring code – debugging tools – dependency checking – GCC – gdb command gprof command macros – makefile targets – makefiles – splint command – symbolic debugging tracking function time C++– autoconf command – building programs – checking source code – configuring code – debugging tools – dependency checking – GCC – gdb command gprof command macros – makefile targets – makefiles – splint command – symbolic debugging tracking function time Chaos Engineering CI/CD tools – GCC graphical development tools Eclipse Glade IDE – KDevelop Client – NetBeans Oracle JDeveloper SDK Visual Studio Code Java programming JVM OpenJDK – languages – Ada Clojure – COBOL – D Dart Elixir Elm Erlang Forth Fortran Go – Groovy Haskell Java – JavaScript Kotlin – Lisp Lua Mono – OCaml online references – Perl PHP Python Raku Ruby – Rust Scala Scratch – Vala online references – snap packages – software project management Bazaar – Git – Subversion – Ubuntu Make version control systems – promiscuous mode (NIC) proxy servers defined – Squid – ACL – configuring – configuring clients – installing online references specifying client IP addresses – ps command – psql command public clouds Publican – PulseAudio Puppet – /pwd command PXE boot process Python Q QA Bug Squad online references Ubuntu QA Teams – Qmail – .qt files quotas (disk) configuring implementing – managing R Radiance RAID arrays Raku RAM disk images (kernels) creating RARP .raw files Raymond Eric – rcp command RDP VirtualBox rebooting systems – recompiling kernels – recording/editing sound Ardour Audacity Cecilia LMMS Mixxx Rosegarden recovery data GRUB boot loaders restoring – saving files from nonbooting hard disks Ubuntu Rescue disc disaster recovery plans – recovery mode (GRUB) reddit.com redirecting input/output of commands – Redis references (online) Apache web server BIND boot process – cloud computing command line containers desktop environments DNS file sharing games HTTP servers Internet connections – kernels – LDAP Linux multimedia applications MySQL network printers networks – Nginx web server NoSQL databases – online references performance tuning – PostgreSQL programming – programming languages – QA remote access – security – sets of servers shell scripts software management sound Squid system monitoring system resource management testing Ubuntu Ubuntu development user accounts virtualization VPN Wayland web browsers web server stacks X server regular expressions comparisons of expressions – file operators – – logical operators numeric comparisons – – strings – – directories reinstalling GRUB – Ubuntu REISUB polite system resets – relational databases DBA – graphical database clients MySQL ACID compliance – command line client – configuring – creating databases – data integrity – data locking database access – inserting data into tables mysql command mysqladmin command mysqldump command MySQLGUI online references PostgreSQL versus – procedural languages retrieving data from tables – root user passwords speed SQL subqueries stored procedures triggers operation of – PostgreSQL ACID compliance – command line client – configuring creating database users – creating databases data integrity – data locking database access – deleting database users granting/revoking privileges – initializing data directories MySQL versus – online references pgAdmin procedural languages retrieving data from tables speed SQL subqueries stored procedures triggers SQL – creating tables – inserting data into tables – remote access copying files between machines – Guacamole key-based logins – online references – SSH server – VNC – remote computers command line logins – rename command renaming files/folders repeat statements repeatedly running jobs – repeating text – repositories software repositories configuring – Ubuntu repositories compiling software – Require directive (Apache web server) rerunning previous commands – resetting systems polite system resets – resources assessing backup strategies – usage printing – restoring files from archives – GRUB boot loaders – retrieving data from SQL tables – revoking/granting privileges PostgreSQL – Rhythmbox music application Riak ripping audio RISC processors rm command – – rmdir command – rmmod command root accounts – – root privileges – root prompt dangers of working in root user accounts – root zones Rosegarden rotating log files – route command routers rsync command – rtcwake command – Ruby – runlevels – Runtime (Android) runtime servers Apache web server apache.conf files – configuring – DirectoryIndex directive DocumentRoot directive GID Group directive Listen directive ServerAdmin directive ServerName directive – ServerRoot directive UID User directive UserDir directive Rust S SaaS SaltStack – Samba configuring /etc/samba/smb.conf files – installing – mounting – sharing home directories – printers – smbclient command smbd daemon starting/stopping – smbstatus command testing saving files from nonbooting hard disks /sbin directory Scala scanners scheduling backups full backups on a periodic basis – priorities tasks automating tasks with scripts – for later – running jobs repeatedly – waking computers from sleep – Scorched D – scp command – Scratch – screen images capturing Screen section (xorg.conf files) – script kiddies scripting autocracking scripts automating tasks – break statements case statements – Celtx comparisons of expressions – file operators – – logical operators numeric comparisons – – strings – – confining to directories – endless loops – executing scripts – exit statements expr statements for statements – functions – if statements – interpreting scripts through specific shells – new shell programs – online references positional arguments positional parameters accessing/retrieving variables example of – repeat statements select statements shift statements special shell characters ` special shell character " – ' special shell character backslash – list of – storing scripts for system-wide access strings with embedded spaces resolving – variables accessing values accessing/retrieving with positional parameters assigning values built-in variables – unexpanded variables while statements writing scripts – Scylla SDK searches DNS search orders input strings – security access control Apache web server – Apache web server AppArmor – applications – attacks – autocracking scripts crackers external attacks – hackers internal attacks – script kiddies viruses war driving worms authentication Apache web server – PAM – brute-forcing – checklist configuring – devices disaster recovery plans – encrypted files firewalls – iptables nftables UFW – genprof kernels nftables NIC online references – passwords – brute-forcing – changing in batches – MySQL root users password files – shadow passwords – system password policies Ubuntu installations user accounts physical security – proxy servers. See also Squid – spoofing attacks Tripwire – UFW – viruses VPN – configuring clients – configuring servers – online references vulnerability assessments – wireless networks – sed text editor – select statements SELinux semistructured data sequence running commands in – ServerAdmin directive (Apache web server) ServerLayout section (xorg.conf files) ServerName directive (Apache web server) – ServerRoot directive (Apache web server) servers Apache web server access control configuring – – development of – file system authentication – .htaccess configuration files – HTTPS – installing logging – modules – MPM – online references overview of runtime servers – security – starting/stopping – threads virtual hosting – DHCP servers – DNS servers – – enterprise servers monitoring – FQDN HTTP servers Caddy Cherokee – Jetty lighttpd – online references thttpd – Tomcat Wildfly Yaws LDAP servers configuring message block printing – name servers – NFS servers – Nginx web server – building sources – configuring – HTTPS – installing – modules online references PHP – uninstalling virtual hosting – proxy servers defined. See also Squid – runtime servers Apache web server – sets of servers managing Ansible CFEngine Chef Juju Landscape online references Puppet – SaltStack – Squid – ACL – configuring – configuring clients – installing online references specifying client IP addresses – SSH server configuring – copying files between machines – ftp command key-based logins – scp command – sftp command ssh-keygen command – VPN servers configuring – web servers CK problem – event handlers – threads X server /usr directory benefits of – components of – display manager display managers distributed processing – online references starting terminal clients – window manager – xorg.conf files – server stacks LAMP – LEMP MEAN online references services boot process controlling running services – starting/stopping services – Startup Applications Preferences /etc/services files microservice architectures naming services – units listing session writing DVD creation set group ID permissions (suid) – set user ID permissions (suid) – sets of servers managing Ansible CFEngine Chef Juju Landscape online references Puppet – SaltStack – sftp command sgid permissions – shadow passwords – shared data /usr directory sharing files/folders NFS – online references Samba – home directories with Samba – printers Samba – Ubuntu desktops shells. See also command line ash bash – changing command line – background processes pattern-matching piping commands dash defined – expressions GNOME Shell – ksh Linux local bash shells configuring new shell programs – pdcsh pdksh comparisons of expressions – scripting ` special shell character " – ' special shell character automating tasks – backslash – break statements case statements – comparisons of expressions – endless loops – executing scripts – exit statements expr statements functions – if statements – interpreting through specific shells – new shell programs – online references positional arguments positional parameters – repeat statements resolving strings with embedded spaces – select statements shift statements special shell characters – for statements – storing scripts for system-wide access until statements variables – – while statements writing scripts – tcsh – types of – zsh shift statements shortcuts commands Shotcut Shotwell Photo Manager Show Applications icon (GNOME) shred command shutdown command – shutting down systems – Ubuntu – SignalFX similarities in files finding – simple backup strategies Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) Simple Scan sleep waking computers from – small enterprises backup strategies small offices backup strategies smart gateways smbclient command smbd daemon starting/stopping smbstatus command snap packages – SnapCraft Snappy package manager – Snappy Playpen snaps Snappy package manager – SOA records – soft links. See symlinks software backup software – bundles Snappy package manager – compiling from source – from tarballs – from Ubuntu repositories – DHCP software installing/configuring – finding with APT – free/open-source software MS Office compatibility libraries Android mobile development Linux distributions included software – management tools APT – apt-get – compiling software – configuration management – online references Software Updater – Synaptic – Ubuntu Software open-source/free software MS Office compatibility project management Bazaar – Git – Subversion – repositories configuring – Snappy package manager – updating – Software Updater – – sort command – sorting file contents – sound ALSA CD/DVD burning applications Brasero Linux command line CD creation – Linux command line DVD creation – Ubuntu support converting files .flac files .mp files .mp files music applications Banshee Rhythmbox Sound Juicer .ogg files online references OSS PulseAudio recording/editing Ardour Audacity Cecilia LMMS Mixxx Rosegarden recording/editing applications sound ripping audio sound cards – sox command UNIX and – .wav files Sound Juicer source compiling software from – source tree (kernels) – sources (kernels) obtaining – sox command spaces embedded spaces resolving strings with – as special shell characters Spamassassin special characters & operator – && operators combining commands * special shell character \ special shell character – ` special shell character [ ] special shell character [a z] special shell character [a-z] special shell character [az] special shell character $ $? built-in variable $ special shell character $# built-in variable $* built-in variable $ built-in variable ! ! operator – != operator < special shell character << operator << special shell character > special shell character >> special shell character | (pipe) special shell character | | operator # special shell character ? special shell character " special shell character – ' special shell character speed relational databases Speed Dreams splint command – Splunk spoofing attacks SQL – != operator MySQL ACID compliance – command line client – configuring – creating databases – data integrity – data locking database access – inserting data into tables mysql command mysqladmin command mysqldump command MySQLGUI online references PostgreSQL versus – procedural languages retrieving data from tables – root user passwords speed SQL subqueries stored procedures triggers NoSQL databases PostgreSQL ACID compliance – command line client – configuring creating database users – creating databases data integrity – data locking database access – deleting database users granting/revoking privileges – initializing data directories MySQL versus – online references pgAdmin procedural languages retrieving data from tables speed SQL subqueries stored procedures triggers subqueries tables creating – inserting data – Squid – ACL – client IP addresses – configuring – – installing online references Squirrelmail SSH database access – ssh command SSH keys SSH server configuring SSH server – copying files between machines – ftp command key-based logins – scp command – sftp command ssh-keygen command – ssh-keygen command – stacks LAMP – LEMP MEAN online references standard input/output of commands starting/stopping Apache web server – NFS services – smbd daemon – VM Startup Applications Preferences statements break statements case statements – exit statements expr statements for statements – if statements – repeat statements select statements shift statements for statements – until statements while statements statistics user usage stderr command – stdin command – stdout command – Steam stereotypes users sticky bit permissions – stopping/starting Apache web server – NFS services – smbd daemon – VM storage backups cloud storage external hard drives NAS network storage tape drive backups disks performance tuning drives Ubuntu installations temporary file storage /tmp directories stored procedures MySQL relational databases strings command substitution comparisons – – with embedded spaces resolving – input strings searches – su command – subnet masks – subnetting – subqueries (SQL) relational databases substitute user accounts – substituting commands processes Subversion software project management – sudo command – – – – sudoers command suid permissions – super user accounts – – – – SuperTux – support Ubuntu online references .svg files switches symbolic debugging symbols. See also wildcard characters & operator background processes running – special shell character VirtualBox commands && operators combining commands * special shell character \ special shell character – ` special shell character [ ] special shell character [a z] special shell character [a-z] special shell character [az] special shell character $ $? built-in variable $ special shell character $# built-in variable $* built-in variable $ built-in variable ! ! operator – != operator < special shell character << operator << special shell character > special shell character >> special shell character | (pipe) special shell character | | operator # special shell character ? special shell character " special shell character – ' special shell character symlinks – Synaptic – synchronizing filesystems Sysadmin DevOps versus – sysctl command – sysrq.txt files System Monitor system resource management APT apt-get versus – day-to-day usage – finding software – apt-get APT versus – compiling software from source – from tarballs – from Ubuntu repositories – configuration management dotdee – Snappy package manager – Ubuntu Core online references Software Updater – Synaptic – Ubuntu Software system settings Ubuntu settings configuring – system user accounts – systemd command – service-related commands – state-related commands targets – systems administration privileges listing information – management tools Conky – gnome-nettool System Monitor vncviewer Wireshark monitoring checking log files – Conky – console-based monitoring – disk quotas displaying free hard disk space – displaying used memory enterprise servers – graphical process tools – KDE monitoring tools killing processes – online references priority scheduling rotating log files – system management tools – System Monitor user activity – password policies polite resets – rebooting – rescue restoring GRUB boot loaders – saving files from nonbooting hard disks Ubuntu Rescue disc shutting down – storing shell scripts for system-wide access SystemV runlevels – T tables (SQL) creating – inserting data – tail command – tape drive backups tar command compressed files copying files – encrypted files full backups – incremental backups – restoring files from archives – tarballs compiling software from – tasks scheduling automating tasks with scripts – for later – running jobs repeatedly – waking computers from sleep – tcpdump command TCP/IP networking addressing – IP masquerading – ports – tcsh comparisons of expressions file operators – logical operators numeric comparisons – strings – temporary file storage /tmp directories terminals. See also command line clients X server – multiple terminal operation byobu – testing online references Samba Ubuntu community teams – Ubuntu Testing Teams testparm command TeX documents Kile LaTeX LyX Texmaker Texmaker text editors awk – emacs – gedit kate kedit nano – sed – vi – vim repeating – text-based logins command line – threads thttpd – thumb drives Ubuntu installations – Thunderbird LDAP client configuration .tif files time warps time/date settings date command hwclock command – Ubuntu – TLD – /tmp directories Token Ring networking Tomcat top command – Totem Movie Player touch command – traceroute command checking Internet connections traceroute command checking Internet connections triggers relational databases Tripwire – troubleshooting boot process – bugs Bug Squad Ubuntu development – Internet connections – kernels – network printers – networks connections runlevels sudo command – Ubuntu bootups – post-configuration problems – tunefs command – Tuned Project – TXT records type name command U Ubuntu -bit Ubuntu – -bit Ubuntu – Android mobile development Android Runtime Android Studio Application Framework – applications ARM processors Google Play Linux kernels RISC processors bash Bikeshed – bootups troubleshooting – Budgie business applications – C programming autoconf command – building programs – checking source code – configuring code – debugging tools – dependency checking – GCC – gdb command gprof command macros – makefile targets – makefiles – splint command – symbolic debugging tracking function time C++ programming autoconf command – building programs – checking source code – configuring code – debugging tools – dependency checking – GCC – gdb command gprof command macros – makefile targets – makefiles – splint command – symbolic debugging tracking function time CD/DVD burning applications Chaos Engineering CI/CD tools – cloud computing AWS Azure considerations for using Google Cloud hybrid clouds – IaaS install instructions Juju – Landscape MaaS Mojo OpenStack – PaaS private clouds public clouds reasons for using – SaaS Ubuntu Cloud VM configuring date/time settings – power management – system settings – troubleshooting post-configuration problems – wireless networks database commands date/time settings – desktop environments changing desktops sharing development Bazaar code packaging – fixing bugs – GPG keys – introduction to – Launchpad – – local bash shells online references packages – – pbuilder SSH keys digital cameras distributions versions of documentation dual-boot systems DVD/CD burning applications finding files/folders graphical development tools Eclipse Glade IDE – KDevelop Client – NetBeans Oracle JDeveloper SDK Visual Studio Code home applications installing -bit Ubuntu – -bit Ubuntu – backups boot loaders – downloading updates during installation dual-boot systems DVD installations – erasing hard disks during installation flavors of Ubuntu – language selection – Mac hardware compatibility partitions password creation preinstallation process – researching hardware specifications – storage drives UEFI USB thumb drive installations – Java programming JVM OpenJDK – kernels – Kylin MATE – networks connectivity commands ports printers – Nginx web server installations online references partitions installing passwords power management configuring – preinstallation process – flavors of Ubuntu – researching hardware specifications – printers configuring proxy servers. See Squid QA Bug Squad Ubuntu QA Teams – reinstalling repositories compiling software – root prompt dangers of working in scanners shutting down – snap packages – SnapCraft Snappy Playpen software project management Bazaar – Git – Subversion – software repositories configuring – Software Updater – storage drives Ubuntu installations sudo command – system settings configuring – testing community teams – Ubuntu Testing Teams troubleshooting post-configuration problems – Ubuntu Make Ubuntu Rescue disc updating first updates during installation software – user account management – version control systems – virtualization – bridged networks – KVM – VirtualBox – VM – web resources window managers changing wireless networks – X server – benefits of – components of – display manager display managers distributed processing – online references starting terminal clients – /usr directory window manager – xorg.conf files – Ubuntu Budgie Ubuntu Core Ubuntu Kylin Ubuntu MATE – Ubuntu QA Teams – Ubuntu Software Ubuntu Testing Teams ubuntu-restricted-extras UEFI boot process – Ubuntu installations ufw command UFW configuring – UID unexpanded variables maintaining unicast addressing uninstalling Nginx web server Unison units (services) listing UNIX backup levels CUPS GUI network printers – sound – UnQL until statements updating software – Software Updater – Ubuntu first updates installations downloading updates during installation Software Updater – uplink ports uptime command usage statistics user accounts USB digital cameras thumb drives Ubuntu installations – used memory displaying user accounts – adding accounts – administration privileges BOFH changing identities – creating – deleting disk quotas managing – file permissions GID group management finding groups listing groups – tools – locking users out of accounts lusers monitoring user activity – online references passwords changing in batches – password files – shadow passwords – system password policies privileges – root privileges – root user accounts – stereotypes substitute user accounts – super user accounts – – – – system user accounts – tools – Ubuntu commands – UID usernames User directive (Apache web server) user directories user variables useradd command useradd -D command useradd -G command UserDir directive (Apache web server) usermod command usermod -G command users productivity suites /usr directory shared data X server UTP cabling ==V== * [[Vala
values assigning to variables
/var directory
variable data files /var directory
variables
built-in variables
environment variables –
shell scripts
accessing values
accessing/retrieving variables
assigning values
resolving strings with embedded spaces
unexpanded variables maintaining
user variables
VBA LibreOffice and Office compatibility
version control
configuration files
systems
vi text editor
video
.avi files
dvd+rw-tools
DVD/CD burning applications
Brasero
Linux command line CD creation
Linux command line DVD creation
Ubuntu support
editing
Avidemux
Blender
Cinelerra
DaVinci Resolve
Kdenlive
Lightworks
OpenShot Video Editor
PiTiVi
Shotcut
.flv files
.mov files
.mpeg files
.ogv/.ogg files
.qt files
Totem Movie Player
ubuntu-restricted-extras
video drivers (proprietary) installing
viewing
in Linux
video formats
VLC
.webm files
viewing
command history
default file permissions
video
in Linux
video formats
vim text editor
vimtutor command
virt-clone
virt-install
virtual hosting
Apache web server
Nginx web server
VirtualBox
virtualization
bridged networks
KVM
online references
VirtualBox
VM –
connections
copying
starting
stopping
virt-clone
virt-install
vmbuilder
VMware
Xen
virus scanners email
viruses
Visual Studio Code
visudo command
VLC
VM
connections
copying
KVM
starting
stopping
virt-clone
vmbuilder
vmstat command
VMware
VNC
vncviewer
VPN
configuring
clients
servers
servers online references
vulnerability assessments]
W
waking computers from sleep
war driving
Warsow
.wav files
Wayland
web browsers
Chrome
Chromium
database access
Firefox
online references
.webm files
web resources
Apache web server
backups
BIND
boot process
cloud computing
command line
containers
desktop environments
DNS
file sharing
games
HTTP servers
kernels
LDAP
Linux
multimedia applications
MySQL
network printers
networks
Nginx web server
NoSQL databases
performance tuning
PostgreSQL
programming
programming languages
QA
remote access
security
sets of servers
shell scripts
software management
sound
Squid
system monitoring
system resource management
testing
Ubuntu
Ubuntu development
user accounts
virtualization
VPN
Wayland
web browsers
web server stacks
X server
web server stacks
LAMP
LEMP
MEAN
online references
web servers
Apache web server
access control
configuring –
development of
file system authentication
.htaccess configuration files –
HTTPS
installing
logging
modules
MPM
online references
overview of
runtime servers
security
starting/stopping
threads
virtual hosting
CK problem
event handlers
Nginx web server
building sources
configuring
HTTPS
installing
modules
online references
PHP
uninstalling
virtual hosting
threads
wget command
whatis command
whereis command
which command
while statements
wide column stores
widgets
wildcard characters. See also symbols
commands and
directories
Wildfly
window managers
changing
X server
Windows
CrossOver Office
dual-boot systems
games
productivity applications
Wine
Wine
wireless networks
configuring
interfaces
security
selecting protocols
Ubuntu support
Wireshark
worms
writing shell scripts
WYGIWYW
WYSIWYG
X
X server
benefits of
components of
display manager
display managers
distributed processing
online references
starting
terminal clients
/usr directory
window manager
xorg.conf files
components of
Device section
Files section
InputDevice section
Module section
Monitor section
Screen section
ServerLayout section
Xara Xtreme
xconfig command
xDSL Internet access
Xen
Xfce
XML
DocBook Publican
gedit
Publican
XML Copy Editor
XML Copy Editor
X.Org
xorg.conf files
components of
Device section
Files section
InputDevice section
Module section
Monitor section
Screen section
ServerLayout section
Xubuntu
xz command
Y
YAML /etc/netplan/*.yaml files
Yaws
Z
Zabbix
zsh