Table of Contents

The Pali Canon, also called the Tipitaka (Pal. tipiṭaka) or “Three Baskets” (of doctrine), is the body of writings of Buddhism that were collected in Pali language.

Subdivisions

The Pali Canon is divided into three major parts:

  1. Vinaya Pitaka (Pal. Vinaya Piṭaka): The Collection of Disciplinary Rules
  2. Sutta Pitaka (Pal. Sutta Piṭaka): The Collection of the Buddha’s Discourses
  3. Abhidhamma Pitaka (Pal. Abhidhamma Piṭaka): The Collection of Philosophical Treatises

1. The Vinaya Pitaka

The Vinaya Pitaka is a collection of texts concerning the rules of conduct governing the daily affairs within the Sangha—the community of bhikkhus (ordained monks) and bhikkhunis (ordained nuns). Far more than merely a list of rules, the Vinaya Pitaka also includes the stories behind the origin of each rule, providing a detailed account of the Buddha's solution to the question of how to maintain communal harmony within a large and diverse spiritual community.

It contains:

  1. Sutta Vibhaṅga
  2. Khandhaka, subdivided into Mahāvagga and Cūḷavagga
  3. Parivāra, summaries and classification of the rules of the Vinaya arranged for instruction and examination purposes.

2. Sutta Pitaka

The Sutta Pitaka, the second main division of the Tipitaka, is divided into five sections or collections (Nikāyas) of discourses (suttas).

A. Dīgha Nikāya - the “long collection”<br/> B. Majjhima Nikāya - the “middle-length collection”<br/> C. Saṃyutta Nikāya - the “grouped collection”<br/> D. Aṅguttara Nikāya - the “further-factored collection”<br/> E. Khuddaka Nikāya - the “collection of little texts”<br/>

A. Dīgha Nikāya

The Collection of Long Discourses is arranged in three vaggas or sections:

B. Majjhima Nikāya

This division consists of 152 suttas of medium length arranged in 15 vaggas, roughly classified according to subject matter.

C. Saṃyutta Nikāya

This is the “grouped” or “connected” series of suttas which either deal with a specific doctrine or devolve on a particular personality. There are fifty-six saṃyuttas divided into five vaggas containing 2,889 suttas.

D. Aṅguttara Nikāya

In the Aṅguttara Nikāya, the division is a purely numerical one. There are eleven classified groups (nipātas), the subject of the first being single items, followed by groups of two items, and so on, to the final group of eleven items. Each nipāta is divided into vaggas, each of which contains ten or more suttas, there being 2,308 suttas in all.

E. Khuddaka Nikāya

This is the division of the shorter books of the Sutta Piṭaka, the “Division of Small Books,” as Buddhaghosa called it. This Nikāya appears to have grown up generally after the older Nikāyas were closed and probably was incorporated into the Canon later. There are fifteen main divisions.

3. Abhidhamma Pitaka

The Abhidhamma Piṭaka is the third main division of the Pali Canon. It consists of seven works which are systematic expositions of the doctrine from a strict philosophical point of view. They deal especially with the psychological analysis of phenomenal existence.

Further Reading

English Translations

Canon Pali Canon