Deviation from True Value refers to the difference between a measured or calculated value and the actual or accepted value. It is a critical concept in assessing the accuracy of a measurement or process, indicating how close the measurement is to the true value.

• Measurement Error: Deviation reflects measurement errors that may arise due to inaccuracies in instruments, environmental factors, or human error. It quantifies how far off a measurement is from the true value.
• Positive and Negative Deviations: Deviations can be either positive or negative, depending on whether the measured value is above or below the true value. The magnitude of deviation indicates the extent of the error.

• Formula: The deviation from the true value can be calculated using the formula:

   \[
   \text{Deviation} = \text{Measured Value} - \text{True Value}
   \]
   This provides a numerical value representing how much the measurement differs from the true value.

• Absolute and Relative Deviation: Absolute deviation is the raw difference between the measured and true values, while relative deviation is expressed as a percentage of the true value. Relative deviation provides a proportional sense of the error.

• Accuracy Assessment: Deviation is used to assess the accuracy of measurement instruments and processes. A small deviation indicates high accuracy, while a large deviation suggests significant inaccuracies.
• Quality Control: In manufacturing and quality control, minimizing deviation is crucial for ensuring that products meet design specifications and maintain consistent quality.

• Calibration: Regular calibration of instruments helps reduce deviation by ensuring they are accurately measuring the true value. Calibration involves adjusting instruments to align with known standards.
• Error Analysis: Identifying and addressing sources of error, such as environmental factors or instrument limitations, can help minimize deviation and improve measurement accuracy.

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accuracy_and_precision
• https://www.techopedia.com/definition/3558/precision