TLDR: cgroups v2 is the second version of the Control Groups feature in the Linux Kernel, introduced in 2014 to improve resource management and simplify its interface. It consolidates the hierarchy of controllers into a unified model, enhancing usability and consistency. cgroups v2 is widely used in modern containerization platforms like Docker and Kubernetes to optimize resource allocation and isolation.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cgroups
One of the key improvements in cgroups v2 is the unified hierarchy model, where all resource controllers are managed under a single hierarchy instead of multiple, independent hierarchies in cgroups v1. This eliminates conflicts between controllers and simplifies resource accounting. Features like memory pressure notifications, improved I/O controls, and precise CPU bandwidth management make cgroups v2 more efficient and user-friendly for managing complex workloads.
https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.html
cgroups v2 is designed for seamless integration with modern technologies. For example, systemd fully supports cgroups v2 for process management, providing developers and administrators with an intuitive interface for resource configuration. Containerization platforms like Kubernetes leverage cgroups v2 to ensure better Linux Kernel resource isolation and Linux Kernel performance for Linux containers. As the standard for resource management in the Linux Kernel, cgroups v2 continues to play a vital role in cloud computing and scalable system architectures.