Biological networks are intricate systems of interrelations among biological elements, such as genes, proteins, neurons, or species within ecosystems. These networks are foundational to understanding the complex interactions that govern biological functions at various levels, from cellular processes like metabolic pathways and gene regulation networks to larger scale interactions seen in ecological food webs and pollinator networks. By applying concepts from network theory, researchers can uncover the underlying principles of organization, cooperation, and competition in biological systems. This approach facilitates the identification of key components and interactions critical for system stability, resilience, and function. In the medical and pharmaceutical fields, insights gained from studying biological networks are instrumental in identifying disease mechanisms, potential drug targets, and understanding how changes in one part of a biological system can impact the whole, leading to advancements in personalized medicine and therapeutic interventions.