Artificial intelligence (AI) is the capability of computational systems to perform tasks typically associated with human intelligence, such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and decision-making. It is a field of research in engineering, mathematics and computer science that develops and studies methods and software that enable machines to perceive their environment and use learning and intelligence to take actions that maximize their chances of achieving defined goals.
High-profile applications of AI include advanced web search engines, chatbots, virtual assistants, autonomous vehicles, and play and analysis in strategy games (e.g., chess and Go). Since the 2020s, generative AI has become widely available to generate images, audio, and videos from text prompts.
The traditional goals of AI research include learning, reasoning, knowledge representation, planning, natural language processing, and perception, as well as support for robotics. To reach these goals, AI researchers have used techniques including state space search and mathematical optimization, formal logic, artificial neural networks, and methods based on statistics, operations research, and economics. AI also draws upon psychology, linguistics, philosophy, neuroscience, and other fields. Some companies, such as OpenAI, Google DeepMind and Meta, aim to create artificial general intelligence (AGI) – AI that can complete virtually any cognitive task at least as well as a human.
Artificial intelligence was founded as an academic discipline in 1956, and the field went through multiple cycles of optimism throughout its history, followed by periods of disappointment and loss of funding, known as AI winters. Funding and interest increased substantially after 2012, when graphics processing units began being used to accelerate neural networks, and deep learning outperformed previous AI techniques. This growth accelerated further after 2017 with the transformer architecture. In the 2020s, an AI boom has coincided with advances in generative AI, which allowed for the creation and modification of media. In addition to AI safety and unintended consequences and harms from the use of AI, ethical concerns, AI's long-term effects, and potential existential risks have prompted discussions of AI regulation.
Machine Learning: Google Gemini, ChatGPT, ML Fundamentals, ML Inventor: Arthur Samuel of IBM 1959 coined term Machine Learning. Synonym Self-Teaching computers from 1950s. Experimental AI “Learning Machine” called Cybertron in early 1960s by Raytheon Company; ChatGPT, NLP, GAN, ML, DL - Deep learning - Python Deep learning, MLOps, Python machine learning (sci-kit, OpenCV, TensorFlow, PyTorch, Keras, NumPy, NLTK, SciPy, sci-kit learn, Seaborn, Matplotlib), Cloud ML (AWS ML, Azure ML, Google ML-GCP ML-Google Cloud ML, IBM ML, Apple ML), C Plus Plus Machine Learning | C++ Machine Learning, C Sharp Machine Learning | Machine Learning, Golang Machine Learning, Java Machine Learning, JavaScript Machine Learning, Julia Machine Learning, Kotlin Machine Learning, R Machine Learning, Ruby Machine Learning, Rust Machine Learning, Scala Machine Learning, Swift Machine Learning, ML History, ML Bibliography, Manning AI-ML-DL-NLP-GAN Series, ML Glossary, ML Topics, ML Courses, ML Libraries, ML Frameworks, ML GitHub, ML Awesome List. (navbar_ml - See also navbar_dl, navbar_nlp, navbar_chatgpt, navbar_ai, navbar_tensorflow, borg_usage_disclaimer)
Deep Learning: Google Gemini, ChatGPT, DL Fundamentals, DL Inventor: Arthur Samuel of IBM 1959 coined term Machine Learning. Synonym Self-Teaching Computers from 1950s. Experimental AI “Learning Machine” called Cybertron in early 1960s by Raytheon Company; ChatGPT, NLP, GAN, DL, ML - Machine Learning - Python Machine Learning, Deep Reinforcement Learning - Reinforcement Learning, MLOps, Cloud DL (AWS DL, Azure DL, Google DL-GCP DL-Google Cloud DL, IBM DL, Apple DL), Python Deep Learning, C Plus Plus Deep Learning | C++ Deep Learning, C Sharp Deep Learning | Deep Learning, Java Deep Learning, JavaScript Deep Learning, Golang Deep Learning, R Deep Learning, Rust Deep Learning, Scala Deep Learning, Swift Deep Learning, DL History, DL Bibliography, Manning AI-ML-DL-NLP-GAN Series, DL Glossary, DL Topics, DL Courses, DL Libraries, DL Frameworks, DL GitHub, DL Awesome List. (navbar_dl - see also navbar_ml, navbar_nlp, navbar_chatgpt, navbar_ai)
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